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CLASP Year 2 > Alcohol Addiction > Flashcards

Alcohol Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What is 1 unit of alcohol equivalent to?

A

10mls (8g)

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2
Q

How much alcohol was sold in Scotland in 2017?

A

46 million litres (19.6 units/week/adult)

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3
Q

How many people drank harmful/hazardous levels?

A

1 in 4

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4
Q

What is hazardous drinking?

A

A pattern of alcohol consumption that increases the risk of harmful consequences

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5
Q

What is the range of hazardous drinking in women?

A

> 14 units per week, but <35 units per week

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6
Q

What is the range of hazardous drinking in men?

A

> 14 units a week, but <50 units a week

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7
Q

What is harmful drinking?

A

A pattern of alcohol consumption that is causing mental or physical damage

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8
Q

What is classed of harmful drinking in men and women?

A

50 units per week or more a week for men

35 units per week or more for women

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9
Q

What is alcohol dependence?

A

A cluster of behavioural, cognitive and physiological factors that typically include a strong desire to drink alcohol and difficulties in controlling its use

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10
Q

What does the DSM-IV describe?

A

Two distinct disorders, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, with specific criteria for each

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11
Q

What does the DSM-V describe?

A

It integrates the two disorders into a single disorder called Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)

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12
Q

What are the ranges of AUD?

A

Mild, moderate or severe

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13
Q

What is the AUD Identification Test (AUDIT)?

A

Comprehensive 10 question alcohol harm screening tool developed by WHO

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14
Q

What score on the AUDIT indicates alcohol dependence?

A

20 or more

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15
Q

What five elements does the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire assess?

A

Physical Withdrawl, Affective Withdrawl, Withdrawl Relief Dependence, Alcohol Consumption and Rapidity of Reinstatement

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16
Q

What does CIWA-AR stand for?

A

Clinical Institute of Withdrawl Assessment for Alcohol

17
Q

What is the CIWA-AR?

A

Ten item scale used in the assessment and management of alcohol withdrawl

18
Q

What is the maximum score in the CIWA-AR?

A

67

19
Q

What is Chlordiazepoxide?

A

Drug of choice for medical assisted detox (well tolerated)

20
Q

What are the problems associated with Chlordiazepoxide?

A

High rate of relapse after successful medical withdrawl
Cognitive impairment and cumulative neuronal damage
Kindling effect = severity of withdrawl symptoms tends to increase after each alcohol withdrawl

21
Q

What are some features of a complicated withdrawl?

A

Seizures, hallucinations, Delirium Tremens, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

22
Q

How do you prevent some of the features of a complicated withdrawl?

A

Give vitamin B12 before the withdrawl is started

23
Q

When is relapse prevention started?

A

After a successful withdrawl

24
Q

What are some relapse prevention drugs licensed in the UK?

A

Acamprosate, Naltrexone and Disulfiram

25
Q

What are some relapse prevention drugs licensed in Europe?

A

Sodium Oxybate (Italy), Baclofen (France)

26
Q

What is Acamprosate?

A

Drug first licenced in France in 1989 for the prevention of relapse

27
Q

How does Acamprosate work?

A

Acts on GABA and Glutamate transmission. Corrects the neurotransmission imbalance post withdrawl and reduces craving

28
Q

What is Naltrexone?

A

Drug first licensed in UK in 2012 for alcohol treatment

29
Q

How does Naltrexone work?

A

Blocks opioid treatment and reduces rewarding effect mediated by endorphin system

30
Q

How does Disulfiram work?

A

Alcohol and Disulfiram cause an unpleasant reaction (psychological deterrent) and has an anti-craving effect through increased dopamine transmission

31
Q

What are some problems with Disulfiram?

A

Potential rare but severe side effects and low compliance

32
Q

What are some unlicensed drugs used to prevent relapse prevention?

A

Topiramate and Gabapentin

CLASP Year 2 (10 decks)

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