Formation of filtrate- B3

Question 1

How does blood enter the kidney?

Answer 1

Through the renal artery which branches into loads of tiny arterioles which enters bowman’s capsule

Question 2

Is the afferent arteriole or efferent arteriole wider? What does this difference cause?

Answer 2

The afferent arteriole that enters the capsule is wider in diameter than the efferent arteriole that exists.
Causes high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries within the capsule

Question 3

What does the higher than normal hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus lead to?

Answer 3

Leads to water, glucose, urea and mineral ions being forced out of the fenestrations in the capillaries to form the glomerular filtrate.

Question 4

What can’t pass through the fenestrations in the capillaries?

Answer 4

-BLOOD CELLS and **large plasma proteins **can’t leave the basement membrane or fenestrations so remain in the capillaries

Question 5

How does the filtrate pass out of the gomerulus?

Answer 5

Through the holes in the capillaries, through connective tissue (or basement membrane) and through the spaces between the branches of the podocytes.

Question 6

Give a quick summary of ultra filtration

Answer 6

urea is removed from blood- Hydrostatic pressure, causes ultrafiltration through basement membrane/connective tissue. Enabled by small size of urea molecule
producing glomerular filtrate- higher than normal blood pressure, water nd glucose pass through basement membrane. proteins too large so stay behind. there are fenestrations in capillary endothelium and podocytes