DCT + ADH + Blood pressure B3

Question 1

What are the main roles of the DCT?

Answer 1

-Help to control blood pH by adding/removing H+ ions
-The permeability of its walls becomes altered because of aldosterone to make adjustments to water + salt that is removed.

Question 2

Explain osmoregulation

Answer 2

1-Osmoreceptor cells in hypothalamus detect fall in water potentional
2- ADH secreted by pituitary gland
3- ADH travels to kidneys and increased the permeability of cells of DCT and collecting duct to water
4- ADH causes vesicles containing aquaporins to be inserted into membrane of cells of DCT + collecting duct
5-Water enters cell through aquaporins by osmosis
6- More water in blood because it’s tea sorbet and less urine produced
7-Urine is more concentrated

Question 3

What happens when blood pressure drops?

Answer 3

☁️ Some cells in kidney produce renin
Renin converts angiotensin to angiotensin 1
☁️Angiotensin 1 is converted into Angiotensin 2 by ACE. (angiotensin converting hormone)
☁️The hormone aldosterone is then released.
☁️More sodium ions reaborbed into blood
☁️Water enters blood. Blood pressure increases because volume of blood ⬆️.

Question 4

Describe what’s in a urine test

Answer 4

Glucose- There should be NO glucose in urine. Glucose should be reasborbed in PCT
Blood cells- Blood cells are too large to fit through fenestrations of glomerulus so there should be none. If there is some can be a sign of kidney malfunction/infection
Proteins- Also too large so should not be found in urine
Drugs- Most drugs make way into blood stream and filtered by kidneys.