Form & Function Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
The study of body’s internal and external structures + relationship between parts
What is Physiology?
Study of how structures work as an integrated whole
What is the relationship of anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy affects Physiology
How is cell size constrained?
surface area-to-volume ratio
What are the two evolutions of tissue?
Parazoa(Sponges) and Eumetaxoa(literally all other animals)
What are characteristics of the Parazoa evolution of tissue?
lack of defined tissue and organs
What are the characteristics of Eumetazoa evolution?
distinct and well-defined tissues
What are tissues
an integrated group of similar cells that preform a common function
What are organs?
two or more tissues that are meant to preform a specific task
What are organ systems?
multiple organs that together preform a vital body function
What are the four main tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What are the characteristics of Epithelial tissue?
sheets of closely packed cells
What is the function of Epithelial tissues
lining, protection, transport, secretion and absorption
Where is the Epithelial tissue located?
lining internal organs and cavities
What are the three layering systems of Epithelial Tissue
Simple (single layer)
Stratified (multi-layer)
Pseudostratified (one layer with various cell lengths)
What are the three shapes of Epithelial Tissue?
Squamous - Flat, thin, transparent
Cubodial - cube / square
Columnar - long, channel; rectangle
What are the characteristics of Connective Tissue?
sheets of closely packed cells
what is the function of Connective tissue?
support and reinforce other tissues
Where is the connective tissue located?
within or between other tissue layers
What are the six major types of connective tissue?
Loose
Fibrous
Adipose
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
What are the characteristics of Loose Connective Tissue
most widespread
ropelike collagen & elastin fibers
join skin to underlying tissues
What are the characteristics of Fibrous Connective tissue?
only densely packed collagen fibers
forms tendons and ligaments
What are the characteristics of Adipose Tissue?
of cells comprising tissue do not change
made of adipocytes
stores fat in large, closely packed cells
What are the characteristics of Cartilage?
made of chondrocytes
strong / flexible skeletal material
surrounds ends of bones
What are the characteristics of Bone?
comprised of ostepcytes
collagen fibers in hard mineral
What are the characteristics of Blood?
transports substances throughout the body
What are the characteristics of Muscle Tissues?
elongated cells that can contract
what is the function of Muscle tissues?
Cause movement
What are the three types of Muscle Tissue?
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Of the three Muscle Tissues which is the only one used voluntarily
Skeletal
What are the characteristics of Nervous Tissue?
forms a communication network
what is the function of Nervous Tissue?
senses stimuli and rapidly transmits information
Where is Nervous Tissue located?
Brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, peripheral nerves
True or False: Most organs are only made up of one type of tissue?
False; the heart alone uses 4 different tissue types
