Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What to animals with thin bodies use?
gastrovascular cavity
What are the two types of Cardiovascular systems?
Open Circulation
Closed Circulation
Where are Open Circulations systems found?
Arthropods and most mollusks
What are the three main types of vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What is the purpose of Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart to organs and tissues
What is the purpose of Veins
return blood to the heart
What is the purpose of Capillaries
convey blood between arteries and veins within each tissue
Fish have two chambered hearts, what are the chambers?
Atrium: receives blood from veins
Ventricle: pumps blood to gills via large arteries
In a single circulation how many times does blood go through the heart per circuit
once
In a double circulation system where is pressure lost?
the lungs causing a second pump
What are the two circuits in a double circulatory system
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic circuit
What is the Pulmonary circuit
where blood carries between the heart and gas exchange tissues in the lungs
What is the systemic circuit
carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body
What chamber heart do amphibians and reptiles have?
three-chambered heart
What does a three chambered heart consist of?
Two Atria
One ventricle
How many chambers do birds, mammals and crocodilians?
four chamber hearts
What does a four chamber heart consist of?
two atria
two ventricles
In a four chamber system what is the function of the left side of the system?
The left side consists of O2; receives blood from lungs and sends to body
What are the two main phases in the cardiac cycle?
Diastole
Systole
What is the cardiac cycle?
Heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic sequence
What is the Diastole phase of the cardiac cycle
relaxation; blood flowing from veins into heart chambers
What is the Systole phase of the cardiac cycle
Contraction; blood flows from atria into ventricles
What is your cardiac output?
volume of blood that each ventricle pumps per minute
What are the three layers of tissue in arterial and venous walls?
Endothelium - inner lining
Middle layer - smooth
outer Stabilizing sheath - connective tissue
True or False: Capillaries are narrow
True! They are about as wide as one blood cell
What force is blood pressure?
the force blood exerts on vessel walls
Does blood pressure decrease of increase as it moves away from the heart
decreases
What is arteriosclerosis?
hypertension causing the heart to work harder and thus weakening it over time
What is atherosclerosis
hypertension causing increased plaque formation from tiny ruptures
Where does osmotic pressure draw in fluid?
The venous end
