Forgetting (through retrieval failure) Flashcards
define retrieval failure
When we don’t have the right cues needed to access the memory available within LTM
we have the memory - cant access it
define cues
Trigger of information, allowing us to access our memory
what can cues be?
meaningful or indirectly linked by being encoded at the time of learning
external / internal
What is Tulving’s encoding specificity principle?
Tulving found consistent patterns of forgetting
what are the consistent pattens Tulving found? (ESP)
if a cue is going to be helpful, must be present at time of memory encoding and at retrieval
Who are the theorists who researched into context-dependant forgetting?
Godalm + Baddeley
Who are the theorists who researched into state-dependant forgetting?
Sara Carter + Helen Cassaday
Godalm + Baddeley aim
To investigate whether the environmental context of learning affect recall
Godalm + Baddeley method
Divers learnt list of words
asked to recall list in 1 of 4 conditions
Godalm + Baddeley conditions
- learn underwater - recall underwater
- learn on land - recall underwater
- learn underwater - recall on land
- learn on land - recall on land
Godalm + Baddeley results
accurate recall was 40% lower in unmatched conditions
Godalm + Baddeley conclusion
external cues available at learning were different from the ones at recall = retrieval failure
Sara Carter + Helen Cassaday aim
To investigate whether our internal state affects recall
Sara Carter + Helen Cassaday method
ppt given anti-histamine (drowsy)
ppt learnt word list - recall in 1 of 4 conditions
Sara Carter + Helen Cassaday conditions
learn on drug - recall on drug
learn not on drug - recall on drug
learn on drug - recall when not on drug
learn not on drug - recall not on drug
