Forgetting

Question 1

Define pro active interference

Answer 1

Old learning affects recall of new info.

Question 2

Define retro active interference.

Answer 2

New learning affects recall of old info as new overwrites old

Question 3

Ao3 for interference.

Answer 3

Schmidt investigated childhood street names with 11-79 year olds. Responded to a questionnaire containing map area around old school without street names and found that more time a person moved homes, fewer streets were being recalled, as a negative correlation between number of time moved house + street names recalled.

• retroactive interference

Question 4

Baddely and Hitch AO3 on interference?

Answer 4

Demonstrated retroactive interference by showing that the more games rugby players had played the worse the recall of team names they had played became.

Question 5

AO1 + AO3 for Context dependent cues.

CDF

Answer 5

Different place inhibits memory as it lacks environmental cues. Being in a different place makes it harder.
Godden and Baddely- studied divers who learn new material on dry land or while underwater, then tested on either dry land or underwater. Found recall was worse if in different context and best if same. Eg, info was learnt on dry land had better recall on dry land.
Having same context for learning help recall.

Question 6

State dependent cues AO1 and AO3. (CDF)

Answer 6

Being in a different mood/state arousal inhibits memory if your internal environment is different when coded- being in a diff mood makes recall harder.
Overton- material was learnt either drunk or sober. Then tested again while drunk or sober. Recall was worse when pts in diff internal state at recall. Recalling info drunk was better if learnt drunk. Shows same internal state for learning helps recall.

Question 7

AO1 and A03 on category/organizational dependent cues.

Answer 7

Organization of memories helps recall, it’s easier to find a file if draws are labelled. Lack of organization makes it harder for recall.
Tulving and pealstone- gave pts 48 words to learn.
Found free recall group performed worse compared to a group that was given the list split into 12 4 word categories.
Shows organization improves recall.

Question 8

Ao3 explanations for forgetting:

Answer 8

Loss of info may be temporary, so interference CANT be a true explanation for forgetting.

Issue of validity- evidence comes from lab experiments so interference may not occur to same extent in more real like settings and scenarios.

Knowledge of forgetting can have practical applications such as effective revision.

Only explains forgetting when two sets of info are similar so cannot explain many day to day cases of forgetting.