forgetting

Question 1

what is the two types of interference

Answer 1

proactive and retro active interference

Question 2

what is proactive interference

Answer 2

old memories interfere with new memories
e.g. writing jan 2024 when its jan 2025

Question 3

what is retro active interference

Answer 3

new memories interfere with old memories
e.g. forgetting how to do long division manually after learning how to do it on a calculator

Question 4

strengths of the interference theory of forgetting

Answer 4

1) support from research by McGeoch and McDonald on accuracy of recall. similar words = confusion and worse recall
2) practical application. tulving pps learned categorical list one at time. improved when categories given. shows only temporarily loose info
3) real life evidence. Baddeley and Hitch rugby players + remembering names. interference irl

Question 5

weakness for inference theory of forgetting

Answer 5

P; methodological issue
E: often time between learning and recall is short
E: tries to stop effect of drop outs
L: does not accurately reflect how memory works irl

Question 6

what are the two features of retrieval failure as a theory for forgetting

Answer 6

context dependant and state dependant

Question 7

description of context dependant

Answer 7

context in which information is learned is the cue

Question 8

description of state dependant

Answer 8

state in which the infomation is learned is the cue

Question 9

research for context dependant

Answer 9

Gorden + Baddeley
- 4 conditions = learned/ recalled underwater and learned/ recalled on land
- 50% better recall when in same context
- cues do improve

Question 10

research for state dependant

Answer 10

Carter and Cassady
- 4 conditions = learned/ recalled on AH and learned/ recalled on placebo
- performance was best when the state remained the same for learning and recall

Question 11

strengths for retrieval failure as a theory of forgetting

Answer 11

1) practical application - Baker and chewing gum - recall best when chewing gum at learning and recall. useful ways to improve memory
2) real life examples - upstaris and forget. context of learning and recall are different struggle to remember. positive suggestion for retrieval

Question 12

weaknesses for retrieval failure as a theory of forgetting

Answer 12

1) criticises by Gordon and Baddeley as limited. changed recall test for recognition and found no difference in results in state. only occurs during free recall
2) lacks falsifiability as can’t prove right or wrong. assume cue has been encoded. based on assumption as cannot tell is encoded or not