Forests Under Threat Paper 3 Flashcards
biome
A biome is a large area characterised by certain types of plants and animals
inputs
Something that is put into the system
outputs
Something that is produced by the system
store
where something is kept
flow
How something moves from one store to another
recycling
How material/energy is used in the system
leaching
When nutrients are washed out of the soil by water moving through it
Tertiary consumers
A carnivore at the topmost level in a food chain that feeds on other carnivores; an animal that feeds only on secondary consumers
Secondary consumers
Eat primary consumers. Can be classified into one of two groups. Carnivores (eat meat), Omnivores (eat meat and plants)
Primary consumers
Eat plants exclusively and are all herbivores
Producers
Organisms- either a green plant or bacterium which is part of the first level of a food chain
Detrivores
A detritivore is an organism that eats dead or decaying plants or animals as food
Decomposers
an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances
Taiga or boreal forest
Taiga is Russian for forest. The world’s largest biome made up on coniferous trees that have adapted to a cold climate. It has a n extreme subarctic climate. Biodiversity is low
biodiversity
The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat
net primary productivity (npp)
This is a measure of how much new plant and animal growth or biomass is added to a biome each year
direct threat
clear link between one thing happening and the damage being caused to something else – deliberately cutting down trees
indirect threat
Caused by global warming/pollution – e.g. increased CO2 levels
intact forest
These are primary forests that have never been deforested.
CITES
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation A United Nations project whose purpose it is to stop deforestatio
REDD
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation A United Nations project whose purpose it is to stop deforestation
sustainable forest management
This is about conserving forests by ensuring they are not used faster than they can be renewed
agroforestry
Growing trees and crops together. Some crops benefit from the shelter of the tree canopy. Trees also prevent soil erosion and crops benefit from the nutrients in the leaf litter
selective logging
Trees are only cut down when they reach a certain height. Young trees are allowed to mature so the height of the canopy is maintained
afforestation
The replanting of trees to replace the original, primary forest that has been lost
monitoring
Satellite technology and photos are used to ensure that no illegal activities are taking place and that landowners follow guidelines for sustainability
sustainability
Sustainability ensures that future generations can access the environment, while current generations use it effectively for social, economic and environmental gain
creating a wilderness
An area undisturbed human activity
national park
An area mostly in natural state that is managed to protect biodiversity
sustainable forestry
Ways of harvesting forest without damaging it in the long-term
Clear cutting
This is the logging of all trees in a wide area of forest.
