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MOD I Exam II > Forensics > Flashcards

Forensics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of blunt force injuries?

A
  1. Abhrasion
  2. Contusion
  3. Laceration
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2
Q

What is an abrasion?

A

Blunt force injury where (primary) the epidermis was injured.

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3
Q

How is a abrasion made?

A
  1. Friction scraping away the epidermis
  2. Crushing by direct force
  3. Blow tangential to the skin
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4
Q

How do abrasions present

A

ooze and bleed (but not profusely)

heals by forming a scap

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5
Q

What are the different types of abrasions?

A
  1. brush (scrape or gliding)
  2. impact
  3. patterrned
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6
Q

what is a brush abrasion?

what will you see?

A

Abrasion d/t scraping/gliding (tangential force applied to the body).

rolls, heaps of tissue OPPOSITE to the direction of force.

Large scrapes “brush burns”

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7
Q

What is a patterned abrasion?

A

when an impact leaves a pattern on the skin

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8
Q

When will you see brush abrasions?

A

motorcycle accidents

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9
Q

What are dicing injuries?

A

dicing on left side means face was on passenger window to left

front windshield will split and passenger will break into small dicing structures

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10
Q

Laceration

A

(blunt force to body surface that splits skin)

frequently see soft tissue bridges

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11
Q

What is the wounding formula?

A
  • shorter time and smaller area => WORSE

W= E * K * 1/T * 1/A

E= energy transferred (1/2 mV^2)

K= modify facitor (elasticity of striking object or tissue being injured)

T= period (time) of NRG transfer

A= areas of application of force

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12
Q

Contusion

A

“A contusion is a bruise d/t
hemorrhage => soft tissue due to rupture of subcutaneous blood vessels by blunt force
injury

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13
Q

Why do contusions not bleed out?

A

epidermis is intact

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14
Q

Where can contusions be seen?

A

skin or deep viscera (internal organs)

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15
Q

What does the extent and severity of a contusion correlate with?

A
  1. Amount of force
  2. Vasculature of the tissue injired
  3. Type of injury
  4. Location of the tissue: is it over bone
  5. Are you easily bruised? Age, cirrhosis, blood problems
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16
Q

Can the age of a contusion be predicted based Upton the color change?

A

YES: but only when yellow: tells us the bruise is older than 18 hours

Blue, purple and red do not help

brown is just a mixture of colors, so no

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17
Q

stab wound/ (incise wound)

A

SHARP FORCE INJURY where the depth of the injury is greater than the length

deeper than longer

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18
Q

how is a stab wound made?

A

instrument with pointed edge is thrusted onto body; object is longer than puncture and deeper than it is wide

fall on a pointy object

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19
Q

what is a stabbing instrument?

A

anything that can overcome tensile stretnth of the skin

scissors, screwdrivers, BBQ foks

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20
Q

Single edged blade will make a ______ shaped incision, while

a double edged blade will make more of a______injury

A

Single: triangular

Double: round diamond

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21
Q

To tell what hand someone stabs: ______

A

you tend to reach up higher with dominant hand

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22
Q

What are examples of long guns

A
  1. bolt/lever action
  2. semi-automatic
  3. fully automatic
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23
Q

Other types of guns

A
  1. Smooth bores

2. Hand guns: revolvers and semiautomatics

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24
Q

Characteristics of a gun wound?

_____ = more powder

Which is more important: velocity or mass of the bullet?

Rifling produces what kind of bullet?

A
  • closer=more powder
  • velocity is more important than mass
  • rifling=spinning bullet
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25
Q

___ guns fire with more velocity => more damage.

A

Long

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26
Q

Which bullets go faster: bigger or smaller

A

bigger, even if they are bigger

27
Q

which guns have more wounding ability?

A

long

28
Q

do only bullets come out of gun?

A

no

29
Q

The adult skull has a inner and outer table, separated by a diploe.

In entry wounds, what do they look like?

A

Outer table: circumscribed (sharp)

Inner table: beveled

30
Q

The adult skull has a inner and outer table, separated by a diploe.

In exit wounds, what do they look like?

A

Outer table: beveled

Inner table: circumscribed

Exit skull GSW are opposite

31
Q

What is unique about blunt force to the head (and in some cases GSW).

A

they do not cross previous fracture lines (they stop, rather than cross). thus you can time when the wound happaned.

32
Q

marginal abrasion, dirt, powder grains, and soot in the depths of the wound

A

contact wound

33
Q

marginal abrasion, stippling and powder tattooing pattern;

on skin you can see powder (intermediate zone) and the gunshot wound of entry

A

intermediate wounds

34
Q

marginal abrasion

no powder soot stippling

no powder soot IN wounds

A

distant wounds

35
Q

What can we say about entry and exit of

handguns (low velocity);

long guns (high velocity?

A

hand guns (low v) => pt presents with a small entrance wound and a small/no exit wounnd

long guns (high v) => relatively small entry=> BIG exit

36
Q

the faster an object hits someone the ___ damage it will cause and a _____ area of the same density will cause MORE damage d/t inverse relationship

A

MORE

SMALLER

37
Q

What is the macro level approach to mass casualties?

A

Macro: the scene

  • Safeguarding (protect live people first - then the scene)
  • Surveying
  • Documenting
  • Proper approach to specimen retrieval
38
Q

What is the micro level approach to mass casualties

A

Retrive biologic materials and transmittal vs. inorganic specimens/substances

use paperbag for organic compounds

39
Q

What can degrade DNA

A

water and UV light (use paper bag t0 avoid precipitation)

40
Q

In Waco, who showed up in

Feb of 1993?

A

BATF

Burea of alcohol, tobacco and firearm

41
Q

In Waco, who showed up in

April of 1993?

A

FBI

42
Q

What is the role of the ME?

do they have a duty to the family?

A
  1. assign a cause of death (COD)
  2. To render an opinion as to the manner of death

no

43
Q

Is cardiorespiratory arrest ever a legitimate cause of death?

A

NO => jjust means <3 and lungs stopped working

44
Q

If a case appears obvious, why do a forensic autopsy?

A

anybody can allege anything

  • confined a disease that contributes, (neurotic, cutters)
  • need to protect society
45
Q

cause of death

A

proximate

what initated everything: REAL COD

gunshot

46
Q

mechanism of death

A

immediate COD

pathophysiology of the COD

47
Q

manner of death

A

NASHU

48
Q

how do we write

A

[mechanism of death] due to [COD] ______

manner of death

49
Q

________ of death is a judicial opinion determined by the pathologist that is based off of everything we know. It can change as we get more information

A

Manner of death

NASHU

50
Q

Cause of death is determined by an _____

A

autopsy

51
Q

List and carefully describe manners of death, i.e. natural, accident, suicide and homicide. Answer the question: Is it ever legitimate to formally list a manner of death as “undetermined”?

A

Manner of death CAN be marked as undetermined because some people can die d/t idiopathic causes.

52
Q
  1. Explain, with examples, why homicide and murder are not synonymous terms.
A

Homicide: a life that was taken by person OR ENTITY.

• Thus, lethal injection is a homicide (euthenasia)

53
Q

what is the focus of forensic examination/inquiry

A

not natural disease (even though taken into account) but foul play and unnatural death are the focus

54
Q

why do hospitals do less autopsies

A

we dont known an unknown undiagnosed disease to get discvovered
or get sued (everyone can get sued except ME

time consuming

expensive

55
Q

When we die, body undergoes what changes

A

stiffens
cools
collects pools of blood determined by body position

56
Q

Rigor mortis: body _____
Algor mortis: body _____
Livor mortis: body _____:

A

rigor mortis = body stiffening

algor mortis => body cooling

livor mortis = body postioning (LP) and collec

57
Q

[Q:] if the body temperature is warm, and there is no stiffness, how long ago did the patient die?

A

0-3

58
Q

[Q:] if the body temperature is warm, and there IS stiffness, how long ago did the patient die?

A

3-8

59
Q

[Q:] if the body temperature is cold, and there IS stiffness, how long ago did the patient die?

A

8-36

60
Q

[Q:] if the body temperature is cold, and there NO stiffness, how long ago did the patient die?

A

More than 36 hours; remember the body is reduced to gas and water and skin begins to slip.

61
Q
  1. Describe the major forms of body decomposition (3) and the settings in which they occur.
A
  1. putrerifactive = most common
  2. adipocere formation
  3. mummification
62
Q

• Putrefactive

A

warm places (humid)

starts in RLQ (colon) => microbes invade => proliferate=> green colon => body is reduced to gas and water and skin slips

63
Q

• Adipocere formation

A

occurs when we are in water for a long period of time

epiderms degrades

fatty deposits

64
Q

• Mummification

A

body dries up with no gas formation

MOD I Exam II (16 decks)

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