cancer 1

Question 1

suffix -blast means what?

Answer 1

a familial cancer (inherited/genetic) cancer that is seen in bbs

Question 2

If a patient has 1 tumor suppressor allele, can they be protected from neoplasia?

Answer 2

Yes. In order to cause neoplasia, you need a mutation of BOTH tumor supressors.

Question 3

Is it worse to have a mutation in 1 proto-oncogene or 1 tumor suppressor cell.

Answer 3

1 protooncogene. 1 proto-oncogene CANNOT protect us against cancer.

In order to cause a cancer, we need to lose BOTH tumor suppressors.

WE NEED BOTH PROTOONCOGENES

Question 4

What is MYC

What pathway does it work through?

Answer 4

MYC is a protooncogen, located in the nucleus that codes for transcription factors, that activates the expression of pro-growth genes and cyclins => allow the tumor to have growth autonomy

Works through the RAS/MAPK pathway

Question 5

What 5 things does MYC do when activated?

Answer 5

1. increase the expression of pro-growth genes and cyclins
2. allow the tumor to have growth autonomy
3. Increase the expression of telomerase
4. work with other transcription factors to reprogram somatic cells => pluripotent cells.
5. At least partially responsible for the Warburg effect

Question 6

What does Dr. Putthoff consider MYC to be?

Answer 6

The master transcription regulator of cell growth

Question 7

c-MYC

Answer 7

Mechanism: t(8:14), a translocation that involves IgH

Assx tumor: Burkitts lymphoma (B-cell lymphoma)

Question 8

L-MYC

Answer 8

Mechanism: amplification

Assx tumor: lung cancer (small cell carcinoma

Question 9

N-MYC

Answer 9

Mechanism: amplification

Assx tumor: neuroblastoma

Question 10

The fastest growing tumors have (name?) have the highest amounts of what?

Answer 10

Burkitts lymphoma

MYC

Question 11

mutations of P16/INK4, CDK4, cyclin D, or any upstream regulators, can cause what to be inactive, even if there is no mutation in the gene itself?

Answer 11

Rb

Question 12

What is considered “GUARDIAN OF THE GENOME”?

Answer 12

TP53; it is the CENTRAL MONITOR OF STRESS

Question 13

What is one weird thing that p53 does?

Answer 13

inhibit angiogenesis

Question 14

Inheritance of p53

Answer 14

AD

Question 15

Ppl wih Li-Fraumeni syndrome are more prone to get what cancers

Answer 15

SBLA

sarcomas
brain tumors/ breast cancer
leukemia
adrenal gland carcinoma

Question 16

What is Li-Fraumeni syndrome (mneuomic)?

Answer 16

Familial form of TP53 (inherited one mutated TP53; acquired another) => li fraumeni syndrome => 25x more likely to deevlop multuple carcinomas and sarcomas by 50YO.
`
SBLA cancers: sarcomas, breast/brain tumors, leukemias and adrenal CTX carcinomas

Question 17

What tumors often have wild type normal p53 alleles, making them easier to cure?

Answer 17

1. acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2. Testicular teratocarcinomas

Question 18

What are characteristsics of familial tumors

Answer 18

bilateral

multicentric

Question 19

CTLA 4 inhibitors are often used to treat what?

Answer 19

Skin melanoma

Question 20

most sporadic tumors arise from what?

Answer 20

polyps

Question 21

bladder

Answer 21

transtuoinal cell carinoma