Chapter 7 cancers Flashcards
What are the 4 metaplastic precursor lesions that can cause cancer?
- Barrets ESO (GERD)
- Smoking
- Schistomiasis infection
- Pernicious anemia or chronic atrophic gastritis
Barrets ESO can cause
Gastric and colonic metaplasia of the ESO mucosa d/t GERD
Smoking can cause
squamous metaplasia of bronchial mucosa
Schistomiasis infection can cause
squamous metaplasia of the bladder
- Pernicious anemia
- Chronic atrophic gastric
can cause
Colonic metaplasia of the stomach
What are the 2 non-inflammatory precursor lesions?
- Increased estrogen in the endometrium => endometrial hyperplasia
- Leukoplakia (thickening of squamous epithelium in the oral cavity, penis or vulva).
Increased estrogen in the endometrium
Endometrial hyperplasia
Leukoplakia is thickening of squamous epithelium in the oral cavity, penis or vulva
can cause what?
squamous carcinoma
infectious agents are associated with
LUNG CARCINOMA (only)?
- Berrylium (missle fules and space vehicles)
- Chromium (metal alloys)
- Radon and its decay
Nickel?
lung carcinoma
oropharyngeal carcinoma
arsenic?
lung and skin carcinoma
What cancer is associated with vinyl chloride (i.e., refrigerant, vinyl polymers, plastic adhesives, etc.)?
Hepatic angiosarcomas
What cancer is associated with cadmium (i.e., yellow pigments and phosphors; used in batteries, etc.)?
Prostate cancer
What cancer is associated with benzene (i.e., light oil, paint, printing, dry cleaning, adhsives. etc.)?
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
In adults, what carcinomas are most common?
- Prostate
- Breast
- Lungs
- Large bowel
- Cervix
- Skin
- Oral cavity, head and neck
8 Bladder
most sporadic cancers arise from what?
polyps
What is the most common cancer in males 15-34?
Testicular cancer; a germ cell cancer (not a adenocarcinoma)
Whenever we do genetic testing on a tumor cell, what are they 2 types of mutations we see?
What does this imply?
- Mutations that is present in ALL other tumor sites
- Mutation that is present at the site of that particular cell.
This implies that mutations vary between sites and from the original site. Thus, if testicular cancer metastasizes to the lungs, the cancer IS NOT equal.
What are the most common skin cancers?
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous melanomas
What are the most common breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
AKA; adenocarcinoma
What are the most common cancers in the oral cavity,
head and neck?
Squamous cell cancers d/t HPV
Lung Large intestines prostate pancreas adrenals
adenocarcinoma
liver
hepatocellular carinoma d/t HepB/C
Spleen?
No
Bladder
transitional cell cancer; urothelial cancer
Ovaies
serous cystaadenocarcinoma
cervix
squamous cell cancer d/t HPV
testes
testicular cancer, a GERMLINE CANCER (not adenocarcinomas)
Pancreas
adenocarcinomas
