Forensics

Question 0

What is the locard exchange principle?

Answer 0

Whenever two objects come into contact, there will be an exchange of materials.

Question 1

What are the forensic principles?

Answer 1

Scientifically associate the suspect with the victim or crime scene?

Question 2

What are the forensic data bases?

Answer 2

Identify individuals
Identify weapons
Identify auto paint
Identify shoe impressions 
Identify suspects in unsolved crimes

Question 3

What are the two types of evidence?

Answer 3

Class evidence-May infer a general category, but not one specific item or individual (type of shoe, hair color)
Unique evidence-is identification to one specific item or individual and includes all others (finger prints, physical matches, bullets)

Question 4

What is the goal of collection of evidence?

Answer 4

Not to lose, destroy or contaminate evidence.

Question 5

What type of evidence is documented?

Answer 5

Document everyone who handles evidence

Question 6

How do you collect the evidence?

Answer 6

Collect entire item-knives, clothes, seat cushion, broken glass
Swab or scrape- material off item (blood, paint, other body fluids)
Cut out- material (car seats, carpet, linoleum)

Question 7

How should you package evidence?

Answer 7

Package all evidence separately-don’t mix
All evidence must be air-dried
Proper packaging of containers
First choice are paper bags and envelopes, paper folds and plastic bags
All evidence must be sealed-staples not accepted

Question 8

What is firearm/tool mark evidence?

Answer 8

Firearms
Bullets
Cartridges/cases
Shot shells/wads/ slugs
Pellets
Bullet holes
Trajectory
Gun powder residue

Question 9

How do you submit evidence to a forensic lab?

Answer 9

Package must be sealed in container- initial and date over evidence seals- submit in person or by court approved method
Properly fill out request for device from analysis

Question 10

What is a macro photograph?

Answer 10

You always take two- first without a scale and second with a scale to show size of object-taken less than 3feet away
All macro photos should be taken from a 90 degree angle of object-keep correct prospective

Question 11

What are flash settings?

Answer 11

Automatic
Always off
Always on-fill flash

Question 12

What are unique firearm characteristics?

Answer 12

Rifling bullets 
Breech face and firing pin
Firing pin
Cartridge cases
Extractor and ejector

Question 13

What are comparison of unique characteristics?

Answer 13

Bullet to firearm and other bullets
Cartridge cases to firearm and others
Shot shells to firearm and others

Question 14

What is the IBS- integrated ballistics identification capabilities ?

Answer 14

Links bullets from different shooting scenes
Links cartridge cases from shooting scenes
Links weapons to bullets and cartridge cases

Question 15

What are some tool marks-cutting tools?

Answer 15

Bolt cutters
Wire cutters
Vice grips
Pry bars

Question 16

What is forensic screening?

Answer 16

Identification of blood and seman

Human or animal

Question 17

What are the lab standards?

Answer 17

Oral swabs-4to 6 swabs

Collect from victim, suspect or others involved

Question 18

What is trace evidence?

Answer 18

Any small or fragile evidence that can be found at the scene
Hair
Fibers-garments, car, ropes
Paint
Impression-footwear, tire marks

Question 19

What are uncommon types if trace evidence?

Answer 19

Duct tape
Paper matches
Building materials

Question 20

How do you collect trace evidence?

Answer 20

Collect ASAP
Avoid contamination
Package separately
Document location

Question 21

What is the analysis of trace evidence?

Answer 21

Identification if possible source

Comparison with known standards

Question 22

What are the types of finger prints?

Answer 22

Latent- invisible, require chemical, powder or lighting
Patent-visible, made with blood, oil, grease etc
Plastic- prints impressed to object such as soap, butter, wax
Rolled impression-an initial recording of a persons prints-Palm, hands fingers

Question 23

What are some common methods to recovering latent prints?

Answer 23

Lighting and photographing

Question 24

What are two types of powders?

Answer 24

Regular-black and white or silver

Magnetic- black and silver

Question 25

What are the types of brushes used?

Answer 25

Nylon filament
Camel hair
Magnetic wand
Zephyr

Question 26

What are the latent lift cards?

Answer 26

2inch tape

White and black lift cards

Question 27

What are the techniques for photographing prints?

Answer 27

Lens should have no macro or close up capabilities
Use a scale
Photograph straight on
Use highest resolution possible