FORENSIC BALLISTIC Flashcards
is a science that deals with the study of the motion of projectiles and the condition affecting the motion
Ballistics
is a science because it is based on the systematized body of knowledge, and also the scientific equipment utilized in the crime laboratory for the examination of physical evidence.
Ballistics
The mobility or movement of the projectile from the time it leaves the shell. The time it leaves the gun muzzle and until it reach its target or fall in the ground
MOTION
- the forward motion of the bullet out of the shell by the action of the expansive force of gases from a burning gunpowder
Direct Motion
- The action of bullet once it hits the target and subsequently ricocheted. (without any rotation)
Translational Motion
- The action of the bullet passing through a rifled bore firearm which is either twisted to the left or to the right
Rotatory Motion
TYPES OF PROJECTILE MOTION
DIRECT MOTION
TRANSITIONAL MOTION
ROTATORY MOTION
- The stillness or the steadiness of the bullet in flight
Gyroscopic Action
- The tumbling of bullet in flight hitting the target sideway
Key Hole Shot
- The instability of the bullet when its fired
Yaw
Refers to the metalic or non-metallic object propelled from the firearm.
By means of heated gas, coming from the burning gunpowder.
PROJECTILES
The first case of forensic firearm examination to be documented was in
1835
HE was when applied ballistic fingerprinting to link a bullet recovered from the victim to the actual culprit
Henry H. Goddard
Ballistics was derived from the Greek words
which means
Ballo or ballein, to throw.
Is the study of motion and traits of projectiles, while still inside the firearm (Chamber/Barrel) which extends from the breech to the muzzle.
INTERIOR / INTERNAL BALLISTICS
Its study or treats of attributes or movement of the projectile after leaving the gun muzzle.
It is extended from the muzzle of the gun to the target or any attributes to the motion of the projectile while it is in its flight and before reaching the target.
EXTERIOR / EXTERNAL BALLISTICS
It refers to the noise created at the muzzle point of the gun brought by chemical reaction between the expanded gases and the air outside
Muzzle Blast
Energy generated at muzzle point measured in foot-pound. This is attributed to the hot gas liberating at the muzzle pont.
Muzzle Energy
- It is another portion of the recoil action that is characterized as the backward and upward movement takes place before the bullet leaves the muzzle
Jump
The parabola-like flight of the projectile from the time it leaves the muzzle until it hits the target
It is also described as the actual curved path taken by a bullet during its flight
Trajectory
The imaginary straight distance from the muzzle of the gun to the target.
a
Range
- Refers to the distance within which the shooter or the firer has control of his shot and still capable of inflicting injury
Accurate / Effective Range
- Refers to the farthest distance that a projectile can be propelled from a firearm, up to final vertical drop to the ground
Maximum Range
The rate of speed of the bullet (during its flight) per unit of time.
It is usually expressed in feet per second (ft/sec).
It can be measured through the use of chronograph machine.
Velocity
are used to measure the velocity of the bullet
Chronograph
The resistance encountered by the bullet in flight. which is early experience by the bullet few meters away from the muzzle of the gun.. which reduces the speed of the bullet
Air Resistance
Air resistance usually called
aerodynamic drag
this is due to air pressure at the head of the bullet.
Bow resistance-
- this is cause by the friction of the air moving along the middle portion of the body of the bullet
Skin friction
- This is due to the pressure and disturbance of the air behind the base of the bullet
Base drag
The branch of ballistics that deals with the effects of the projectile’s impact on the target.
TERMINAL BALLISTICS
It refers to the size of the bullet grouping on the target.
Terminal Accuracy
It is the energy or force of the projectile when it strikes the target.
Terminal Energy
This refers to the speed of the bullet upon striking or hitting the target.
Terminal Velocity
This refers to the depths of the entry of the bullet on the target
Terminal Penetration
The study of motion of the projectile as applied to law
The science of identification by means of the ammunation fired through themScope of Forensic Ballistics
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
It refers to the work of investigator in the field (collection, marking, preservation, packing and transmission)
Field Investigation
It refers to the work of firearm identintification examiner within laboratory (Obtain test bullets, photomicrography under BCM, preparation of report and etc..)
Specimen submitted
Ballistics Technical Examination of the Exhibits
The examiner will go to court to act as an expert witness regarding the report he has made.
Legal Proceeding
is an instrument used for the propulsion of projectiles by means of the expansive force of gases, coming from the burning gunpowder (FBI Manual or Firearms Identification)
Firearm
The first handgun were used by ___ around 1200 A.D Developed of firearms, followed the invention of gunpowder in Western Europe, early in 13th Century.
Arabs
In _____ realized that a spiral grooves etched into the gun barrel, would impart a good spin of rojectiles, thus making its flight more stable and improved its aim.
16th century engineers
In one of the recorded use of firearms in warfare was an attack in
1247Seville, Spain.
In an English monk and a scientist, was credited for his invention of gunpowder, which is known as black powder
1248 Roger Bacon
- the passage or path of the bullet towards the muzzle end
Barrel
- the portion of the firearm that houses the internal parts, serves as the cover of the parts
Frame
- serves as chamber and magazines of the cartridge in revolver
Cylinder
- use to pull the empty shells from the cylinder simultaneously
Extractor
- That mecanism in the firearm that causes the cartridge case to be thrown out of the gun
Ejector
- The part or the bore, at the breech to accept the cartridge during the feeding
Chamber
- The elevated portion between grooves in the interior surface of the gun barrel
Lands
- The depressed portion between the lands in the interior surface of the rifled gun barrel
Grooves
- The tip and front portion of the gun or the forward end of the barrel.
Muzzle end
- The combination of lands and groves inside the bore of the barrel which causes the bullet to rotate as it passes to the bore
Riffling
- That portion where the firing pin is located, that initiates ignition of the priming mixture
Hammer
Protect the trigger to unnecessary action, design to avoid accidental firing of the firearm
Trigger Guard -
- A protruding part on the top of the barrel tip that will align with rear sight during the firing
Front sight
- That part of the gun that activates necessary to fire a gun.
Trigger
- The rear most part of a gun, with a pair of metallic gun sight
Rear sight
- Generally contains a spring and follower to aid feeding
Magazine
A light, portable form of machine gun, utilizing a pistol size ammunation, having a shoulder stock that may or may not be folded and designed to be fired with both hands.
Sub Machine Gun (Grease Gun)
A type of firearm that is primary designed for military use. Even in investigation of shooting cases done in a city. It is not usual or common to encounter this type of firearm having been used
Machine gun
- A shoulder weapon designed to fire a projectile with more accuracy through a long rifled bore barrel, usually more than 22 inches
Rifles
- A form of long gun that appeared in Europe and the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. An infantryman armed with an arquebus is called an Arquebusier.
SMOOTHBORE MATCHLOCK ARGUEBUS
- A short barrel rifle, with its barrel rifle, measuring not longer than 22 inches. It fires a single projectile though a rifle bore either semi-automatic or fully automatic, for every press of the trigger.
Carbine
- an ancient smooth bore and muzzle loading military shoulder arm design, to fire a shot or a single round lead ball (The mousquette means “A small Hawk”)
Muskets
- A smooth bore and a breech loading shoulder arms designed to fire number of lead pellets or shots in one charge (FBI MANUAL)
Shotgun
- The forerunner of Shotgun. a short-barreled large-bored gun with a flared muzzle, used at short range
BLUNDERBUSS
Which the bore size is same through out the barrel
Cylinder bore type
It designed with a diminishing or reducing bore diameter type toward the muzzle. It makes the shots travel longer before it spread
Choke bored gun
a very rear occassions another type of shotgun can be observed to be having rifling only a few inch from its muzzle point
Paradox gun
- these are types of firearms that are designed or intended to be fired using one hand
Handgun
it is a hand operated firearm having a chamber integral with or permanently aligned with the bore which may be self-loading (RA 10591)
Pistol
- To be considered as the smallest commercially availabe pistol in world. Patented in 1910 and introduce in 1914
KOLIBRE (KOLIBRE OR 2.7MM KOLIBRE CAR PISTOL OR 2.7x9MM KOLIBRE
is a type of firearm designed to position cartridge into position for firing with the aid of a rotating cylinder serving as its chamber
Revolver
=- a type of revolver that needs a manual cocking of the hammer before squeezing the trigger. Ex: Colt Single Action
Single Action
- a type of revolver that does not need manual cocking and released the hammer causing a much faster firing. Ex: Magnum Caliber .50
Double Action
- Are those types of firearm that propel projectile more than one inch in diamiter
Artillery
- Any firearm designed to fire projectile less than one inch diameter
Small arms
- Are those firearms, wherein the mechanism is so arranged, that it will fire continuously while the trigger is depressed.
Full Automatic Firearm
- Are firearms whose mechanism is so arranged that it requires a fresh pull on the trigger for each shot
Semi-automatic
It designed for tracing or sending signals or locating enemy troops
Flare Gun
a tool in which firearm mechanism is attached to prevent easy identification
Freakish Gun
It refers to all type of home made gun
Zip Gun
Its generally referring to all gun designed from firing tear gas
Gas Gun
US Government-made smooth bore gun used in europe during war designed tp fire an automatic colt pistol cartridge caliber .45
Liberator
are those devices which resembles a gun designed but are generally used for construction
Tools
It refers to a barbed spear in hunting large fish
Harpoons Gun
- Father of Modern Ballistic
Col. Calvin H. Goddard
- Founder the great firm Smith an Wesson and pioneered the making of the Breech loading riffles
Horace Smith
- An associate or partner of Smith in reovolver making
Daniel B. Wesson
- Father of Percussion Ignition
Alexander John Forsyth
- Wizard of Modern Firearm and pioneered the breech loading single shot rifled
John M. Browning
- Maker of the first known carbine
David “Carbine” Williams
- Introduced the first practical revolver
Samuel Colt
- An American inventor of Machine Gun or the Maxim gun
Sir Hiram Maxim