CRIM RESEARCH

Question 1

= scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that links man’s speculation with reality.

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

= systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical proposition about the presumed relations among natural phenomena.

Answer 2

Research

Question 3

– has the purpose of determining the future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for the better 2.

Answer 3

Predictive or Prognostic Research

Question 4

– determines what should be done based on the findings this is to remedy an unsatisfactory condition, if there is any

Answer 4

Direct Research

Question 5

– is concerned with the interaction of the components of the variable being investigated, as for example, “interaction of the components of educational systems and aims to show the connections among, for example, students’ characteristics, organizational pattern and policies, and educational consequences

Answer 5

Illuminative Research

Question 6

According to Purpose

Answer 6

Predictive
Direct
Illuminative

Question 7

– is done for the development of theories and Principles.

Answer 7

Basic or pure Research

Question 8

– is the application of the results of pure search. This is testing the efficacy of theories and principles. aims to test theories and concepts developed for verification, application, development and support and their relationship to the existing fund of knowledge

Answer 8

Applied Research

Question 9

According to Goal

Answer 9

Basic research
applied research

Question 10

– the researcher studies the variables pertinent to a specific situation.

Answer 10

Exploratory Research

Question 11

– the researcher studies the relationships of the variables.

Answer 11

Descriptive Research

Question 12

– the experiment studies the effects of the variables on each other.

Answer 12

Experimental Research

Question 13

According to the Level of Investigation

Answer 13

Exploratory
Descriptive
Experimental

Question 14

– the researcher attempts to identify and is isolate the components of the research situation.

Answer 14

Analytical Research

Question 15

– begins with the total situation. Focusing attention on the system first and then on its internal relationships.

Answer 15

Holistic Research

Question 16

D. According to the Type of Analysis

Answer 16

Analytical
Holistic

Question 17

This type of research is done on a very limited scope to solve a particular problem which is not so big. It is almost problem solving.

Answer 17

Action Research

Question 18

, all possible courses of action are specified and identified and the researcher tries to find the most advantageous.

Answer 18

Evaluation research

Question 19

the focus is on finding or developing a more suitable instrument or process than has been available.

Answer 19

developmental research

Question 20

According to Choice of Answers to Problems

Answer 20

Evaluation
developmental

Question 21

– is one in which inferential statistics are utilized todetermine the results of the study. Inferential statistics such as correlation, chi-square, analysisof variance, etc. are used to test the hypothesis. This type of research usually includescomparison studies, cause-and-effect relationships, etc.

Answer 21

Quantitative or statistical research

Question 22

– This is research in which the use of the quantity or statistics ispractically nil. This is especially true in anthropological studies where description is usuallyused. Descriptive data are gathered rather than quantitative data.

Answer 22

Non-quantitative research

Question 23

describes what
was

Answer 23

Historical research

Question 24

describes what
is

Answer 24

Descriptive research

Question 25

describes what will be

Answer 25

Experimental research

Question 26

– specifically stated

Answer 26

S = Specific

Question 27

– easy to measure by using research instrument in collection of data

Answer 27

M = Measurable

Question 28

– data are achievable using correct statistical treatment/techniques toarrive at precise results

Answer 28

A = Achievable

Question 29

– real results are not manipulated

Answer 29

R = Realistic

Question 30

– time frame is required in every activity because the shorter completionof the activity the better

Answer 30

T = Time-bound

Question 31

is an act of incorporating into one’s work the work of another without indicating thesource = the unacknowledged used of somebody else’s words or ideas

Answer 31

Plagiarism

Question 32

= an act wherein the writer uses passages, ideas, writings, and statements of others withoutgiving due credit

Answer 32

Plagiarism

Question 33

is the foundation of the study.

Answer 33

Theoretical framework

Question 34

The theory should have a relationship with the issues posted in the study

Answer 34

Theoretical framework

Question 35

= seeks to describe a phenomeno

Answer 35

Descriptive Theory

Question 36

= seeks to tell how and sometimes why one should or ought to behave in certain way

Answer 36

Prescriptive Theory

Question 37

Types of Theories

Answer 37

descriptive prescriptive

Question 38

= an illustration of how research problems are generated from the theoretical framework of thestudy = it may be some sort of modification of the theoretical framework or personally conceptualizedby the researcher

Answer 38

Conceptual Framework

Question 39

= self-evident truth which is based upon known fact or phenomenon. it is notusually answered or proven because it is assumed true or correct which are beyond the controlof the researcher .

Answer 39

Assumption

Question 40

= tentative conclusion or answer to specific question raised at the beginning ofthe investigation. It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific question.

Answer 40

Hypothesis

Question 41

= use to answer descriptive questions

Answer 41

Descriptive Hypothesis

Question 42

= use to answer questions on the relationship or differences of dataobtained in descriptive questions.

Answer 42

Statistical Hypothesis

Question 43

Types of Hypothesis

Answer 43

Descriptive Hypothesis Statistical Hypothesis

Question 44

= always the first temporary solution to a problem = basis of the action of acceptance or rejection = the word null in mathematics means empty zero = asserts that there is no significant difference or relationship between the variable = stated in negative

Answer 44

Null Form

Question 45

= stated in affirmative

Answer 45

Operational/Alternative (Ha)

Question 46

Forms of Statistical Hypothesis

Answer 46

Null Form OperationL

Question 47

= involves in depth analysis of the problems. Its focused is toprovide accurate description of problems w/o attempting to treat or employ sophisticatedstatistical tools or describe problems.

Answer 47

Qualitative Research Design

Question 48

= systematic and critical inquiry of the whole truth of past events using the criticalmethod in the understanding and the interpretation of facts, which are applicable to currentissues and problems

Answer 48

Historical

Question 49

= aims to provide a holistic view of the problem. Data are gathered throughobservation, interview and participation

Answer 49

Ethnographic

Question 50

= intensive investigation of a particular individual, institution, community or any group considered as a unit which includes the development, adjustment, remedial, or corrective procedures that suitably follow diagnosis of the causes of maladjustment or of favorable development.

Answer 50

Case Study

Question 51

= its focused is to describe problems descriptively and numerically. It utilizes more statistical tests to explain the nature, characteristics, relationship and differences of variables

Answer 51

Quantitative Research Design

Question 52

= describes and interprets WHAT is. It is concerned with conditions or relationship that exist, practices that prevail, beliefs and processes that are going on, effects that are being felt or trends that are developing.

Answer 52

Descriptive

Question 53

= involves collection of information on people, events and other topics of interest to the researcher.

Answer 53

Descriptive-Survey

Question 54

= involves content analysis because the documentary techniqueincludes analysis of content. It is used when data cannot be obtained through questionnaire orobservation.

Answer 54

Descriptive-Documentary

Question 55

= it measures the extent or magnitude of association between two variables.=measures the existing relationship of variables=also known as Associational Research

Answer 55

Correlational

Question 56

= the researcher manipulates, changes or alters the inputs or independentvariables to see the effects on the dependent variables.=most commonly used methods to advanced scientific knowledge

Answer 56

Experimental

Question 57

Sub-types of Descriptive Research

Answer 57

Descriptive survey descriptive documentary

Question 58

Types of quantitative Research

Answer 58

DESCRIPTIVE CORRELATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL

Question 59

= each member of the population is given the chance of being includedin the sample.

Answer 59

Scientific Sampling

Question 60

= specific aggregation of the elements= also known as universe

Answer 60

Population

Question 61

= representative portion of a whole= subset of a populatioN

Answer 61

Sample

Question 62

= applicable only when the population being investigated is homogenous.

Answer 62

Restricted Random

Question 63

= the best random sampling design because no restriction is imposedand every member of the population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample

Answer 63

Unrestricted Random

Question 64

it divides first the population into two or more strata. For each stratum,the sample items were drawn at random.

Answer 64

Stratified Random

Question 65

= a design which all individual in the population are arranged in a methodicalmanner, i.e. alphabetical or chronological (age, experience) and the name may be selected inthe construction of the sample

Answer 65

Systematic

Question 66

= done in several stage, it can be two-stage, three, four or five stage, etc…,depending on the number of stages of sampling to be used

Answer 66

Multistage

Question 67

= population is group into clusters or small units, for instance, block ordistricts, and are selected by random sampling or systematic sampling.=advantageous when individuals in the districts or blocks belong to the heterogeneous group

Answer 67

Cluster Sampling

Question 68

TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC SAMPLINGS

Answer 68

Restricted Random Unrestricted Random Stratifies Random Systematic Multistage Cluster Sampling

Question 69

= in this sampling there is subjectivity on the on the part of there searcher because not all the individual in a population are given an equal chance of being included in the sampl

Answer 69

Non-Scientific Sampling

Question 70

= based on choosing individuals as sample according to the purposes of theresearcher

Answer 70

Purposive

Question 71

= a design applied to those samples which are take because they are mostvaluable= the researcher simply takes the nearest individual as subjects of the study until the samplereaches the desired size

Answer 71

Incidental

Question 72

= popular in the field of opinion research due to the fact that it is done by merely looking for individuals with requisite characteristics

Answer 72

Quota Sampling

Question 73

Types of non scientific sampling

Answer 73

Purposive Incidental Quota sampling

Question 74

= a device designed or adopted by researcher for data gathering Classification of Research Instrument

Answer 74

Research Instrument

Question 75

= the researcher obtains information or data himself with little or nodirect involvement of the other people

Answer 75

Researcher Instrument

Question 76

- the information is collected directly from the respondents 3.

Answer 76

Subject Instrument

Question 77

- the information or data is collected from those knowledgeable of the subject matter

Answer 77

Informant Instrument

Question 78

- written or printed form containing the questions to be asked on the respondents.

Answer 78

Questionnaire

Question 79

respondents are forced to answer the questions asked in the questionnaire.Best suited to a qualitative research

Answer 79

Open Ended

Question 80

- also referred as guided response type, closed form or restricted;respondents are guided in answering questions; options may be provided like in multiplechoice test while answers are based on the rating scales provide

Answer 80

Closed-Ended

Question 81

involves face to face contact between the interviewee and the interviewer

Answer 81

interview

Question 82

= there is a set of carefully prepared questions and their expected answers are provided

Answer 82

Structured Interview / Standardized

Question 83

= respondents are free to express their opinions.Also termed as non-directive or informal

Answer 83

Unstructured Interview / Unstandardized

Question 84

- may be defined as perceiving data through the sense: sight, hearing, taste,touch and smell. Sense of sight is the most important and most used. Most direct way andmost widely used in studying behavior

Answer 84

Observation

Question 85

- researcher makes a guide on what to observe. Possible responses may also be outlined

Answer 85

Formal Observation

Question 86

- needs critical evaluation of the observation made to avoid biased results. Recommended for qualitative research

Answer 86

Informal Observation

Question 87

= contains the items to be observed

Answer 87

Checklist

Question 88

= used in observing behavior

Answer 88

Rating scale

Question 89

= provides for the fewer breakdowns of dimensions or factors

Answer 89

Anecdotal Forms

Question 90

= use of motion or still pictures, sound recording

Answer 90

Mechanical Record

Question 91

= degree to which a measuring instrument measures what it intends to measure

Answer 91

Validity

Question 92

- refers to content and format of the instrument which mustanswer the following criteria: appropriateness; logical; adequate; and, proper format;expert judgment ; table of specification

Answer 92

Content-Related Validity

Question 93

- refers to the relationship between scores obtained using one or more instruments or measures.

Answer 93

Criterion-Related Validity

Question 94

- refers to the nature of psychological construction or characteristics being measured by the instrument

Answer 94

Construct-Related Validity

Question 95

- extent to which the instrument is dependable, self-consistent and stable;consistency of responses from moment to moment; even a person takes the same test twice,the test yields the same results; reliable test may not always be valid

Answer 95

Reliability

Question 96

- otherwise known as Practicability degree to which the research instrument can be satisfactorily used

Answer 96

Usability

Question 97

= science which deals with the systematic process of collecting, organizing, classifying,presenting, interpreting and analyzing data

Answer 97

Statistics

Question 98

= it is used to determine the nature of variables without any attempt to critically compare the extent of relationships or differences with other variables

Answer 98

Descriptive Statistics

Question 99

- used to determine the degree or magnitude of association between two variables. Treats bivariate and multivariate problems

Answer 99

Correlational Statistics

Question 100

s - Used when in making inferences on the magnitude of differences of thesamples from a large universe; Used in testing hypothesis like differences bet. two or morevariables; Treats bivariate and multivariate problems

Answer 100

Inferential Statistic

Question 101

- used to determine two variable means which differ significantly

Answer 101

T-Test and Z-Test

Question 102

- (Analysis of Variance – ANNOVA) used to determine significant differences between three or more variables

Answer 102

F-test

Question 103

= used in ordinal or rank or nominal data

Answer 103

Non-Parametric

Question 104

- used to compare the frequencies obtained in categorized variables. Used to determine the difference between three or more variable

Answer 104

Non-parametric Chi-Square Test (X2)

Question 105

- an examination of data or facts in terms of quantity, quality, attribute, trait,pattern, trend, relationship among others so as to answer research questions which involvestatistical techniques and procedures

Answer 105

Data Analysis

Question 106

- tests a single variable to determine whether the sample is similar to the population from which it has been drawn

Answer 106

Univariate

Question 107

- it tests two variables on how they differ from each other

Answer 107

Bivariate

Question 108

- it tests three or more independent variables at a time on the degree of relationship with dependent variables

Answer 108

Multivariate

Question 109

- the results of the study is compared with the norm

Answer 109

Normative

Question 110

- describes the characteristics, compositions, structures that occur as units within the larger structure

Answer 110

Descriptive

Question 111

- analysis which is usually employed in natural science subjects

Answer 111

classification

Question 112

- it appraises carefully the worthiness of the current study

Answer 112

Evaluative

Question 113

- the researcher considers at least two entities and establishes a formal procedure for obtaining criterion data on the basis of which he can compare and conclude which of the two is better

Answer 113

Comparative

Question 114

- applicable in comparing the cost between two or more variables and to determine which of the variable is most effective

Answer 114

Cost-Effective

Question 115

- an act or instance of interpreting an explanation. This is done to give meaning to data generated from the instrument to answer the problems raised in the study

Answer 115

Interpretation of Data