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MSK > Forensic aspects of trauma > Flashcards

Forensic aspects of trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What are some significant factors in the mechanism of injury?

A

Force applied

Area over which force acts

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2
Q

What are some possible results of excessive mechanical force?

A

Compression
Traction
Torsion
Tangential (shearing)

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3
Q

What are the main factors determining damage?

A

Type of mechanical force

Nature of target tissue

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4
Q

Which factors are used to classify injury?

A

Appearance (abrasion, contusion, laceration etc.)
Manner of causation (suicidal, accidental, homicidal etc.)
Nature of injury (blunt/sharp force. explosive)

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5
Q

What kind of injuries can result from blunt force?

A

Contusion
Abrasion
Laceration

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6
Q

What is a contusion?

A

Blood vessels in skin injured

Bruising

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7
Q

What are tramline bruises?

A

Imprinted parallel lines of bruising
Impact with long rod like a broom handle
Stretching at the sides of where the rod impacts
Leaves contusion/tearing at sides and line of pallor in middle

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8
Q

What is finger tip bruising?

A

Small, round, red bruises

Typical of finger tip marks left from gripping

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9
Q

What are some factors affecting bruising prominence?

A

Skin pigmentation
Depth and location
Age
Coagulative disorders

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10
Q

Where does bruising more readily occur?

A

Over loose skin

High fat areas

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11
Q

Where do bruises less readily develop?

A

More easily stretched and compresses
Force more easily spread
Buttocks
Abdomen

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12
Q

What can skin tags in abrasion tell us?

A

May indicate direction of the force of impact

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13
Q

What might close, linear, parallel scratch abrasions indicate?

A

Serrated blade

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14
Q

What might we think of with larger semi-circle made of small round abrasions?

A

Bite

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15
Q

What are some signs we look for in strangling?

A

Broad areas of abrasions

Small linear abrasions which may correspond to finger nails

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16
Q

What is a laceration?

A

Splitting of skin due to blunt force trauma

17
Q

Where are lacerations usually found?

A

Where skin overlies bone

18
Q

What are some typical features of laceration?

A

Rough edges
Tissue bridges
Stellate branching

19
Q

What are the 2 main types of sharp force injury?

A

Incised

Stab wound

20
Q

What is an incised wound?

A

Longer on skin surface than it is deep

Slash

21
Q

What is a stab wound?

A

Deeper than length of surface cut

22
Q

What are some things to look for in stab wound?

A

Is it squared off at one end of cut or both ends sharp?

Shape of wound

23
Q

What does a lighting bolt stab wound indicate?

A

Scissors

24
Q

What might indicate movement of the blade within the wound?

A

Additional cuts/notches coming off

Don’t know what was actually moving tho

25
Q

How do we identify self inflicted injuries?

A

Usually sharp force
Wrists/forearms, chest/abdomen
Parallel, multiple tentative incisions
Position of clothing

26
Q

What are the main factors in consequences of an injury?

A

Type of mechanical insult
Type of target tissue
Forces involved
Number of impacts

27
Q

What are the main kind of head injury fractures?

A

Linear
Depressed
Base of skull e.g. ring around foramen magnum

28
Q

What kind if haemorrhage may result from rapid rotational movement like for a punch?

A

Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage

29
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage.

A

Trauma ruptures vessels at base of brain where they cross the dura
Usually distal intracranial vertebral arteries
Immediately unconscious with cardiac arrest

30
Q

How does diffuse axonal injury present?

A

Immediate and prolonged coma with no apparent mass lesion or metabolic abnormality

31
Q

How do blunt force injuries usually affect the lungs?

A

Contusions

Lacerations

32
Q

How do sharp force injuries usually affect the lungs?

A

Penetration
Haemorrhage
Collapse

33
Q

How do sharp force injuries usually affect the heart?

A

Penetration
Tamponade
Haemothorax

34
Q

How do blunt force injuries usually affect the heart?

A

Bruising
Laceration
Commotion cordis

35
Q

How do blunt force injuries usually affect the abdomen?

A

Bowel tears
Mesenteric haemorrhage/laceration
Liver and spleen lacerations

36
Q

What kind of injuries may be expected for resuscitation?

A 
Bruising neck and chest
Gingers marks
Bruising/lacerations of lips gums, lungs
Teeth damage
Sternal and rub fractures
Venepuncture and cannulation
Pleural cavity haemorrhage 
Heart rupture

MSK (26 decks)

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