Foreign Policy Flashcards
means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers
National security
The principal goal of American foreign policy is to preserve the ___ of the US
security
In today’s global economic___ ____ means more than military defense
national security
The US aids democratic nations and helps others create democratic political systems
IE: South Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan
Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy was based on ____
_____ is the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
Isolationism
The US tries to help other nations settle disputes and has also supplied __ ___ to at-risk countries
economic aid
The rise of ___ ____, along with direct terrorist attacks, have made the goal of world peace an even greater challenge
terrorist groups
In 1823, President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy known as the ___ ____
Monroe Doctrine
In 1898 the US fought the ___ ___ __
Spanish American War
Since WWII, US foreign policy has been based on ___
internationalism
In __ Chinese Communists seized control of China
1949
___ was the policy designed to keep the Soviet Union from expanding its powers
Containment
As a result, the US acquired the __, __, __
Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico
The __ ___ was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war
Cold War
With the threat of expanding communism, the US drew upon the ideas of___ , an American diplomat and expert on Soviet history and culture
George F. Kennan
President Harry Truman announced what later became known as the ___ ___ in a speech in 1947
Truman Doctrine
Months later the ___ __ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe
Marshall Plan
Cold War tensions and fears also led to an __ ___
arms race
The Cold War policy of containment drew the US into 2 wars:
Korea and Vietnam
President George W. Bush quickly announced that a __ _ ____ would become the focus of his administration
war on terrorism
____ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction
Preemption
In December ___, Saddam would be captured
2003
A ___ is a formal agreement between the governments of two or more nations
treaty
In addition, ____ grants the president certain diplomatic powers
Article II, Section 2
Two cabinet departments make foreign policy a full time concern
Department of Defense
Department of State
The ___ ___ ___is the director of the National Security Council (NSC) plays a major role in foreign affairs
national security advisor
__ ________ ___ was the first woman to be chosen as national security advisor
Dr. Condoleezza Rice
The ____ ____ __ established the CIA and defined its duties in 1947
National Security Act
Congress has exercised its power to declare war only 5 times in our nation’s history
War of 1812, 1846 vs Mexico, 1898 vs Spain, 1917 vs Germany, 1941 vs Japan, Germany, and Italy
The Constitution gives congress significant foreign policy powers
Power to declare war and appropriate money
___ ____ are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign government that have the legal status of treaties but do not require Senate approval;
Today, the __ ___make up more than 90% of all US international agreements
Executive agreements
The Constitution also gives the ___ the power of “advice and consent” on all treaties
Senate
Congress passed the ___ __ _____ ______ in Vietnam to authorize the president “to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US”
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Congress tried to check the president’s power to send troops and combat by passing the __ ____ __ in 1973;The act declared that the president could not send troops and combat for more than 60 days without the consent of Congress
War Powers Act
means two-party
Bipartisan
Under US law the president may grant __ __ __status to trading partners
most-favored-nation (MFN)
Your current secretary of state is ____ ____
John Kerry (D)
Created by Congress in 1789, the Dept. of State was the first executive department; it was originally known as
The department of foreign affairs
The Department of ____, is one of the smallest cabinet-level departments in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy
State
The Department of ____ is the largest of all the executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed
Defense
___ ___ ___usually spend several years abroad in a diplomatic post
Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)
The US also maintains offices known as ____ in major cities of foreign nations
Consulates
Heading each consulate is a Foreign Service OFficer called a ___
Consul
For Americans traveling abroad, the State Dept issues a document called a ___
passport
A ___ is a special document issued by the government of the country that a person wishes to enter
visa
The ___ assists the president in carrying out the duties of commander in chief
Department of Defense
The ___ is the largest executive department
DOD
The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a six member group:
Chief of Staff of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
___- or compulsory military service
Conscription
The __ ___ ___ ____ would be founded in 1949 as a mutual defense alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
In 1948 the US signed a treaty establishing the ____ ___ ____ which is primarily concerned with promoting economic development in the Americas
Organization of American States (OAS)
____ ___ are the international agreements signed by several nations
Multilateral Treaties
A ___ ____ is an agreement that involves only two nations
bilateral treaty
___ ____ is a system by which the participating nations agree to take joint action against a nation that attacks any one of them
Collective Security
___ are measures such as withholding loans, arms, or economic aid to force a foreign government to cease certain activities
Sanctions
___ and ___ ____ are two methods of influencing the policies of other nations
Alliances; economic benefits
Today, the ___ ___ ___ ___administers American programs of economic aid
Agency for International Development (AID)
_______ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world.
Foreign Policy
In 1990, who was Iraq’s leader?
Saddam Hussein
What country was invaded by Iraq threatening Middle Eastern oil supplies?
Kuwait
In 1994, American troops preserved order in ______ when their president was forced to flee the country.
Haiti
Throughout the 1990s ____________ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests.
President Bill Clinton
The UN inspections of Iraq were aimed at keeping Iraq from developing _________.
Weapons of Mass Destruction
The Framers of the Constitution attempted to divide the responsibility for foreign affairs between the ________ and ____________.
President and Congress
What country has permanent MFN status?
China
Name two of the six geographical bureaus of the State Department.
Bureau of African Affairs, European and Eurasian Affairs, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Western Hemisphere Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, South Asian Affairs
The primary function of an __________ is to make diplomatic communication between governments easier.
Embassy
