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Unit 2 Anatomy > Foregut GI Tract Organs > Flashcards

Foregut GI Tract Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Esophagus

A

Transmits food bolus from pharynx to stomach

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2
Q

Where does the Esophagus arise from?

A

Pharynx (laryngopharynx)

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3
Q

The Esophagus enters?

A

Cardia of Stomach

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4
Q

The Esophagus is perfused by?

A

segmental esophageal arteries off anterior descending aorta

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5
Q

The Esophagus is innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
Thoracic sympathetic trunk T1-T4 (sympathetic-motor),

Sensation pathways: unconscious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

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6
Q

You feel something sharp as you swallow. What nerves transmit pain sensations from the esophagus?

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk T1-T4

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7
Q

When the vagus nerve is stimulated, what is the motor response in the esophagus?

A

Parasympathetic - increased peristalsis

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8
Q

When the thoracic sympathetic trunk T1-T4 is stimulated, what motor response occurs in the esophagus?

A

Decreased peristalsis

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9
Q

If the vagus nerve is injured, what function would be impaired in the esophagus?

A

Limitations in peristalsis. Bolus getting stuck or caught in the esophagus.

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10
Q

If the thoracic sympathetic trunk T1-T4 nerve is injured, what function would be impaired in the esophagus?

A

Peristalsis could not be slowed down. Sympathetic activation would be impaired. Sympathetic activation decreases peristalsis.

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11
Q

Function of the Stomach

A

Chemically digest (stomach acid) and mechanically digest (muscular action) food bolus

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12
Q

The stomach is perfused by?

A

Celiac trunk via L/R gastric arteries (lesser curvature of stomach)
L/R gastro-omental arteries (greater curvature of stomach)

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13
Q

Stomach is innervated by?

A

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
Thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
Sensation pathways: unconscious/reflex (vagus)
Pain (sympathetic)

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14
Q

When the vagus nerve is stimulated, what occurs in the stomach?

A

Parasympathetic: increased motility and secretions

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15
Q

When the thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 is stimulated, what is the response in the stomach?

A

Sympathetic.
Contraction of Pylori Sphincter
Inhibit Peristalsis
Decreased Absorption
Decreased Secretions

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16
Q

What nerves transmit pain sensations from the stomach?

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9

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17
Q

What are the three GI structures of the “foregut”

A

Stomach, Pyloric Sphincter, First half of duodenum

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18
Q

What are the three accessory GI organs? What section of the gut do they belong to, and why?

A

Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas. All belong to the Foregut because branches off the celiac trunk perfuse them.

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19
Q

Function of the Liver

A

Produces bile to digest fats, filters blood from portal circulation

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20
Q

Blood supply to the liver is from?

A

Celiac trunk via proper hepatic artery

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21
Q

The liver is innervated by?

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
sensation pathways: unconcious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

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22
Q

What occurs in the liver when the vagus nerve is stimulated?

A

Parasympathetic Activation.
Decrease in glucose production/release.
But an Increase in glycogenesis - formation of glycogen to store glucose.

23
Q

What occurs in the liver when the thoracic sympathetic chain T5-T9 nerves are stimulated?

A

Sympathetic Activation.
Stimulates glucose release. Need glucose to run in fight or flight.
Decrease in glycogenesis.

24
Q

Function of the Gall Bladder

A

Stores bile, contracts to release stored bile

25
Q

Blood supply of the Gall Bladder

A

Celiac trunk via cystic artery off proper hepatic

26
Q

Innervation of the Gall Bladder

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
sensation pathways: unconcious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

27
Q

When the vagus nerve is stimulated, what occurs in the gall bladder?

A

Parasympathetic Activation.
Gall Bladder contraction to empty and release bile into the duodenum.

28
Q

When the thoracic sympathetic chain T5-T9 nerves are stimulated, what occurs in the gall bladder?

A

Sympathetic Activation.
Reduction in bile flow out of gall bladder.

29
Q

Your patient is experiencing pain from Gall Stones. What sensory nerves relay this pain information?

A

pain (sympathetic)
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9

30
Q

Function of the Pancreas

A

Produces digestive enzymes to break down food, bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid, hormones to regulate sugar metabolism

31
Q

Blood supply to pancreas

A

Celiac trunk via splenic artery, some supply from gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries (pancreaticoduodenal arteries)

32
Q

Innervation of the pancreas

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
sensation pathways: unconcious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

33
Q

When the vagus nerve is stimulated, what occurs in the pancreas?

A

Parasympathetic Activation.
Relaxation of Hepatopancreatic Sphincter
Increase in Insulin Release

34
Q

What occurs in the pancreas when the thoracic sympathetic T5-T9 nerves are stimulated?

A

Sympathetic Activation
Decrease Insulin Production
Increase Glucagon Production - raises blood sugar. You need sugar to RUN.

35
Q

Function of the Pyloric Sphincter

A

Regulate passage of food from the stomach to duodenum

36
Q

Perfusion of Pyloric Sphincter

A

Celiac trunk via L/R gastric arteries, L/R gastro-omental arteries

37
Q

Innervation of Pyloric Sphincter

A

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
Thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
Sensation pathways: unconscious/reflex (vagus) Pain (sympathetic)

38
Q

What nerves transmit pain sensations from the pyloric sphincter?

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9

39
Q

What is the response of the pyloric sphincter when the vagus nerve is stimulated?

A

Parasympathetic. Relaxation of sphincter.

40
Q

What is the response of the pyloric sphincter when the thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 is stimulated?

A

Sympathetic. Contraction of sphincter.

41
Q

The pyloric sphincter demarcates?

A

muscular sphincter demarcating the border between the stomach and duodenum

42
Q

The Duodenum arises from?

A

The pylorus

43
Q

The Duodenum enters into?

A

the Jejunum

44
Q

Function of the duodenum?

A

Site of additional digestion from products of liver/pancreas, initiate nutrient absorption

45
Q

What perfuses the first half or proximal half of duodenum?

A

Celiac trunk via gastroduodenal artery,

46
Q

What perfuses the second half or distal half of duodenum?

A

additional supply from superior mesenteric artery via the pancreaticoduodenal artery

47
Q

What innervates the duodenum?

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic), sensation pathways: unconcious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

48
Q

What occurs at the duodenum when the vagus nerve is stimulated?

A

Parasympathetic. Increased peristalsis, absorption, and secretions in the small intestine.

49
Q

What occurs at the duodenum when the thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 is stimulated?

A

Sympathetic. Decreased peristalsis, absorption, and secretions.

50
Q

What nerves transmit pain sensations from the duodenum?

A

thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9

51
Q

What organ is not a GI structure but perfused by the celiac trunk via the splenic artery?

A

Spleen

52
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Blood reservoir in adult

53
Q

What innervates the spleen?

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic);
thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 (sympathetic),
sensation pathways: unconcious/reflex (vagus) pain (sympathetic)

54
Q

What occurs in the spleen when the thoracic sympathetic trunk T5-T9 is stimulated?

A

Sympathetic Activation.
Splenic contraction. A physiological process that occurs when the spleen releases stored red blood cells (RBCs) into circulation

Unit 2 Anatomy (15 decks)

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