Forebrain/Diencephalon

Question 1

The diencephalon can be divisible how?

Answer 1

The diencephalon is grossly divisible into the hypothalamus, situated ventrally, and the thalamus, lying more dorsally.

Question 2

What are Brodmann areas 1-3 functionally set apart for?

Answer 2

Brodmann Areas Areas 1-3 (primary sensory), 4 (primary motor), 17 (primary visual), and 41 (primary auditory). Some of these are associated with named gyri that you should know.

Question 3

What are Brodmann Areas 4 set apart for

Answer 3

Brodmann Areas Areas 1-3 (primary sensory), 4 (primary motor), 17 (primary visual), and 41 (primary auditory). Some of these are associated with named gyri that you should know.

Question 4

What function is associated with Brodmann Area 17

Answer 4

Brodmann Areas Areas 1-3 (primary sensory), 4 (primary motor), 17 (primary visual), and 41 (primary auditory). Some of these are associated with named gyri that you should know.

Question 5

What nuclei in the thalamus are we supposed to know?

Answer 5

• anterior, dorsomedial,
• centromedial,
• pulvinar (you do not need to know its separate parts),
• lateral and medial geniculate nuclei,
• VA-VL, and
• VPL-VPM.

Question 6

The DM thalamus projects information where?

Answer 6

Frontal association cortex

Question 7

The anterior nucleus of the thalamus projects where?

Answer 7

cingulate gyrus

Question 8

The VA/VL thalamus projects where?

Answer 8

motor cortex

*receives info from globus pallidus and cerebellum (dentate)

Question 9

The VPM and VPL thalamus receive what information and project that info where?

Answer 9

• receive from medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract (and the trigeminal equivalent)
• project to somato-sensory cortex

Question 10

The LGN receives what information?

Answer 10

LGN - lateral geniculate nucleus

• recieves and projects visual information
• from optic tract, to visual cortex

Question 11

The MGN projects what information

Answer 11

• receives info from the inferior brachium (auditory information)
• projects to auditory cortex

Question 12

The pulvinar thalamus projects where?

Answer 12

parieto-occipital association cortex

Question 13

the internal capsule runs through what diencephalic structures?

Answer 13

Anteriorly, the internal capsule lies between the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus; posteriorly, it lies between the thalamus and lentiform nucleus

Question 14

The anterior region of the internal capsule carries what information?

Answer 14

FROM - Anterior nucleus of thalamus
DM nucleus

TO - Cingulate gyrus
Prefrontal cortex

Question 15

The posterior region of the internal capsule carries what information where?

Answer 15

FROM - motor cortex

TO - Spinal cord and brainstem
Postcentral gyrus

Question 16

The retrolenticular region of the internal capsule carries information where?

Answer 16

FROM - (thalamus) Pulvinar
LGN

TO - Parietal association cortex
Visual cortex

Question 17

The sublenticular region of the internal capsule carries information where?

Answer 17

FROM - LGN, MGN

TO - Visual cortex
Auditory cortex

Question 18

The limbic system can be grouped into what 2 major circuits?

Answer 18

1) Amygdala-Hypothalamus-stria terminalis; this circuit is related to emotions and homeostasis.
2) Papez circuit: hippocampus-mammillary bodies-anterior nuc. of thalamus-cingulate gyrus-parahippocampal gyrus-hippocampus: this circuit is related to long term memory