Forebrain Anatomy & Limbic System

Question 1

What are the four parts of the diencephalon?

Answer 1

epithalamus (pineal gland & habenula)
thalamus
hypothalamus
subthalamus

Question 2

The epithalamus contains the ___ gland and the ___.

Answer 2

pineal; habenula

Question 3

Pineal gland secretes ___, is released during ___, and regulates ___-___ cycles.

Answer 3

melatonin; darkness; sleep-wake

Question 4

What is a paired structure located near the base of the pineal gland?

Answer 4

habenula

Question 5

What is the major input to the epithalamus?

Answer 5

stria meduallris (limbic input)

Question 6

What is the major output to the epithalamus?

Answer 6

habenulointerpeduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus) to the midbrain RF

Question 7

T/F. All the sensory pathways including smell relay to the thalamus.

Answer 7

False, all sensory except olfaction.

Question 8

What are the subdivisions of the thalamic nuclei?

Answer 8

anterior
medial
lateral
intralaminar
reticular
midline

Question 9

What are the two tiers of the lateral division?

Answer 9

dorsal and ventral

Question 10

What structure divides the thalamus?

Answer 10

the internal medullary lamina

Question 11

The ___ subdivision is the largest and the anterior subdivision sits in a split in the ___ ___ ___.

Answer 11

lateral; internal medullary lamina

Question 12

What type of neuron synapses on the projection neurons and regulates its firing?

Answer 12

interneurons

Question 13

___ inputs convey info to the thalamic nucleus and pass them on nearly directly to the cortex.

Answer 13

Specific

Question 14

___ inputs arise in the cortex and thalamic reticular nucleus and enter the thalamus to regulate how the thalamus sends its information to the cortex.

Answer 14

Regulatory

Question 15

What receive well defined specific input from the subcortical source and project to a well-defined area of cortex?

Answer 15

Relay nuclei

Question 16

T/F. Association nuclei receive specific input from an association cortex and project back.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

___ nuclei receive a distinct set of specific inputs (basal ganglia not the cortex) and they project out to cortex and basal ganglia.

Answer 17

intralaminar

Question 18

T/F. The reticular nucleus is involved in regulatory input and although they receive input from the cortex and thalamus they do not send projections to the cortex. They send inhibitory axons to the thalamus

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

The ___ nucleus is a sheet of neurons and axons must transverse it to enter/leave the thalamus and send collateral to it.

Answer 19

reticular

Question 20

What are the main association nuclei?

Answer 20

DM and Pulvinar

Question 21

The internal capsule collects and forms the ___ ___ down which corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers descend.

Answer 21

cerebral peduncle

Question 22

How many parts does the internal capsule have?

Answer 22

five

Question 23

Which limb separates the lenticular nucleus from the thalamus?

Answer 23

posterior

Question 24

Which limb of the internal capsule separates the lenticular nucleus from the caudate?

Answer 24

anterior limb

Question 25

Which part of the internal capsule is found between the anterior and posterior limb?

Answer 25

Genu

Question 26

The ___ part of the internal capsule is found behind the lenticular nucleus.

Answer 26

retrolenticular

Question 27

Which part of the internal capsule is not seen on horizontal sections but is found beneath the lenticular nucleus?

Answer 27

sublenticular part

Question 28

What system generates feeling/emotions from sensory inputs evolved to promote survival?

Answer 28

limbic system

Question 29

What part of the brain is critical in autonomic, endocrine, emotional, and somatic functions and maintains physiological range or homeostasis?

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

T/F. The hypothalamus is divided into an anterior, tuberal and posterior region.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

T/F. The hypothalamus’s longitudinal organization is divided into an anterior, tuberal and posterior region.

Answer 31

True.

Question 32

For the medial-lateral organization of the hypothalamus, the lateral part is the rostral continuation of the ___ ___.

Answer 32

reticular formation

Question 33

The ___ is the rostral continuation of the periaqueductal gray.

Answer 33

periventricular