Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro > Forebrain > Flashcards

Forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral boundary of diencephalon

A

Anterior commissure and lamina terminalis (wall of 3rd ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Caudal boundary of diencephalon

A

Posterior commissure (divides diencephalon from midbrain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dorsal boundary of diencephalon

A

Roof of diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ventral boundary of diencephalon

A

Base of hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lateral boundary of diencephalon

A

Internal capsule (divides it from lenticular nuclei)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medial limits of diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Portions of thalamic nuclei

A

Anterior, medial,lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anterior nucleus of the thalamus has connections with :

A

Hippocampal formation, cingulate gyrus, mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anterior nucleus of thalamus function

A

Memory function and regulation of emotional behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nucleus lies posterior to anterior nucleus

A

Dorsomedial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What separates dorsomedial nucleus from lateral thalamus

A

Internal medullary lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsomedial nucleus function

A

Mediates affective processes and emotional behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nuclei inside of lateral thalamus

A

VA, VL, LD, VPL, VPM, LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) and Ventral lateral nucleus function

A

Control of motor functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventral basal complex

A

VPL VPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of VPL, VPM

A

Relay somatosensory info from body and head to POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lateral posterior nucleus (LP) function

A

sensory input and cognitive functions associated with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nuclei in posterior thalamus

A

Pulvinar nucleus, medial geniculate nucleus, lateral geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pulvinar nucleus functions

A

Cognitive function involving auditory and visual stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus function

A

Important relay for auditory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus function

A

Relay of visual impulses to visual cortex from BOTH retinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non specific thalamic nuclei function

A

Modulate activity of the major nuclei of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Non specific thalamic nuclei

A

Midline thalamic nuclei, reticular nucleus, intralaminal nuclei (centromedian nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Forms the roof of the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Epithalamus structures
Habenular complex, Stria medullaris, pineal gland
26
Habenular complex nuclei
Medial and lateral nucleus
27
Commissure that connects medial and lateral habenular nucleus
Habenular commissure
28
Pathway arising from medial habenular nucleus
Habenular peduncular tract
29
Habenular peduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus)
Projects to ventral part of midline tegmentum (intrapeduncular nucleus) FUNCTION UNKNOWN
30
Pathway arising from lateral habenular nucleus
Stria medullaris
31
Stria medullaris contains
Habenular AFFERENT fibers
32
What passes through Stria medullaris
Afferent and Efferent fibers linking habenular nuclei with lateral hypothalamus, preoptic region, sustancia innominata ( region lateral to preoptic region), septal area, anterior thalamic nucleus
33
Habenular complex function
- Relay where limbic system and hypothalamus can influence activity of midbrain structures (reticular formation, brain stem neurotransmitter functions ) - pain processing - stress - learning - reward processing - depression * (deep stimulation of afferent fibers of Stria med. used to treat disorder )
34
Pineal gland location
Attached to roof of posterior 3rd ventricle
35
Where does Pineal gland receive info from
Sympathetic nervous system via superior cervical ganglia
36
Pineal gland circadian rhythm to light
Releases hormones, due to indirect pathway that relays info DIRECTLY from retina to Suprachiasmatic nucleus then INDIRECTLY to intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic cord. Then light cycle info is relayed to Superior cervical ganglia that has direct connection with pineal gland
37
Cells found in pineal gland
Secretory cells called pinealocytes that secrete: melatonin, serotonin, norepinephrine, hypothalamic releasing hormone (ThyrotropinRH, somatostatin, LHRH)
38
Subthalamus location
Posterior 3rd of diencephalon
39
Subthalamic function
Motor functions related to basal ganglia
40
Subthalamus nuclei
Subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta
41
Subthalamic nucleus function
Connects with globus pallidus and regulates motor function by basal ganglia
42
Zona incerta role
Function unknown, separates lenticular fasciculus from thalamic fasciculus
43
Hypothalamus regulates
Sympathetic, parasympathetic events, endocrine functions of pituitary gland, sexual behavior, feeding and drinking behavior, affective processes (fight or flight)
44
Lateral hypothalamus contains
Medial forebrain bundle and associated with behavior and predation
45
Medial hypothalamus contains
Most of releasing hormones that control pituitary gland, feeding, affective processes, autonomic functions
46
Important nuclei of Anterior hypothalamus and preoptic region
Preoptic nuclei, suprachasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular nuclei
47
Medial Preoptic region function
Regulation of endocrine function and temp regulation
48
Lateral preoptic region functions
Unknown
49
Suprachiasmatic nucleus function
Receives retinal input, associated with diurnal rhythms for hormone release
50
Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic function
Synthesize vasopressin and oxytocin
51
Mid level of hypothalamus contains
Arcuate nucleus , ventromedial nucleus, tuberal nuclei
52
Arcuate nucleus function
Dopaminergic neurons , source of prolactin release-inhibiting hormone and feeding behavior
53
Ventromedial nucleus function
Endocrine control, rage behavior
54
Lesions of ventromedial nucleus
Obesity
55
Tuberal nuclei function
Release regulatory hormones (releasing or release-inhibiting hormones) transmitted through portal system to ant pituitary gland and control release of hormones from this region
56
Posterior hypothalamus structures
Mammilothalamic tract
57
Componentes of basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus, substancia nigra, subthalamic nucleus
58
Neostriatum
Caudate nucleus and putamen
59
Major site of input into the basal ganglia from cerebral cortex, thalamus and sustancia nigra
Neostriatum
60
Globus pallidus function
Primary region for outflow of info from the basal ganglia to cerebral cortex via thalamic nuclei
61
Ansa lenticularis (Fiber pathway of Basal ganglia)
Emerges from medial segment of globus pallidus and passes ventromedially and caudal to midbrain
62
Lenticular fasciculus
Passes in a dorsomedial direction from pallidum around dorsal surface of subthalamic nucleus
63
Dentatothalamic fibers
Where both ansa lenticularis and lenticular fasciculus appear to merge rostral to red nucleus + fibers of cerebellum Collectively called THALAMIC FASCICULUS
64
H1 field of forel
Thalamic fasciculus
65
H2 field of Forel
Lenticular fasciculus
66
Limbic system structures
Hippocamapl formation, septal area, amygdala, and adjoining regions of cortex
67
Limbic system function
Associated with olfactory function
68
Additional structures associated with limbic system
Frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus
69
Major outflow pathway of hippocampal formation
Fornix
70
Component of Fornix that is distributed to diencephalon
Postcommissural fornix
71
Component of fornix that is distributed to septal area
Precomissural fornix
72
Hippocampal formation + septal area regulate
Emotional behavior, motivational processes, hormonal and autonomic regulation, and memory functions
73
Septal area alone modulates
Aggression, rage, endocrine and reproductive functions
74
Bed nucleus of Stria terminalis
Believed to regulate autonomic, endocrine, and effective processes normally associated with amygdala
75
Nucleus accumbens
Head of caudate nucleus; receives large dopaminergic projection from brainstem, amygdala, and parts of hippocampal formation and projects them to sustancia innominata, sustancia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. Sequences of motor processes associated with affective processes
76
Sustancia innominata
Relay of signals from parts of amygdala to lateral hypothalamus
77
Pathway of Amygdala
Stria terminalis
78
Internal capsule fibers
Descending fibers from cerebral cortex to brain stem and spinal cord plus ascending fibers from thalamus to cerebral cortex
79
Internal capsule function
Sensorimotor functions
80
Anterior commissure fibers
Olfactory fibers from anterior olfactory nucleus to contralateral olfactory bulb
81
Thalamus injury
Thalamic pain syndrome- very painful and unpleasant sensation that persists
82
Damage to hypothalamic nuclei
Disorders of eating, endocrine function, temp regulation, aggression and rage, sympathetic disfunction, Diabetes insipidus is an example ( damage to vasssopresin neurons in supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei)
83
Diseases of basal ganglia
``` Movement disorders (abnormal, involuntary movement at rest “Dyskinesia”) Example Parkinson’s disease ( loss of dopamine release from sustancia nigra) Chorea (hyperkinetic disorder loss of y-aminobutyric acid in stratium, heminallism (damage to subthalamic nucleus) ```
84
Disruptions in limbic system
Changes in emotional behavior, irritability, impulsivity, rage. Hippocampal formation- loss of short term memory Prefrontal cortex- decreased cognitive ability Temporal lobe- seizures
85
Dysfunctions of Cerebral cortex
1- upper motor neuron paralysis (precentral and premotor cortices) 2- types of aphasias 3- apraxias 4- loss of somatosensory and auditory discrimination post central and superior temporal gyrus

Neuro (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions