forearm and elbow appraisal

Question 1

what are the 5 points to focus when x-raying a patient ?

Answer 1

-Patient Position

-beam direction

-SID

-centring of x-ray beam

-Collimation

Question 2

AP forearm- patient position (3 points)

Answer 2

Patient Position:

• Patient supinates and extends arm
• Radial and ulna styloid processes equidistant from IR along with humeral epicondyles
• Shoulder and elbow on same level

Question 3

AP forearm- beam direction (1 point)

Answer 3

• Vertical, perpendicular to the IR

Question 4

AP forearm- SID (1 point)

Answer 4

• 100 - 115cm

Question 5

AP forearm - Centring of X-ray beam (1 point)

Answer 5

• Midway between wrist joint and elbow joint in middle of the arm

Question 6

AP forearm - Collimation ( 1 point )

Answer 6

-Wrist joint, elbow joint and lateral soft tissue borders

Question 7

forearm lateral, patient position (1 point)

Answer 7

• Elbow flexed to 90°
• Humerus internally rotated 90° so medial aspect of humerus, elbow, wrist in contact with the table
• Superimpose radial and ulna styloid processes and humeral epicondyles

Question 8

forearm lateral beam direction ( 1 point)

Answer 8

vertical perpendicular to IR

Question 9

forearm lateral SID (1 point)

Answer 9

100-115

Question 10

forearm lateral Centring of X-ray beam (1 point)

Answer 10

• Mid-shaft of the radius and ulna in the middle of the arm

Question 11

forearm lateral Collimation (1 point)

Answer 11

• Wrist joint, elbow joint and lateral soft tissue borders

Question 12

what are the two articulations for proximal radius ?

Answer 12

-Elbow joint (articulates with humerus)

-Proximal radioulnar joint: radial head & ulnar notch

Question 13

AP elbow patient position

Answer 13

-Patient extends affected arm

-Posterior aspect in touch with IR

-Epicondyles equidistant from the IR

Question 14

AP elbow beam direction

Answer 14

Vertical, perpendicular to the IR

Question 15

AP elbow sid

Answer 15

100-115cm

Question 16

AP elbow Centring of X-ray beam

Answer 16

2.5cm distal to the midway point between both epicondyles

Question 17

AP elbow collimation

Answer 17

Distal 1/3rd humerus, proximal 1/3rd radius and ulnar and lateral soft tissue borders

Question 18

lateral elbow patient position

Answer 18

Patient flexes affected arm to 90°

Wrist turned into a lateral position

Shoulder, elbow and wrist all on the same level

Question 19

lateral elbow
Centring of X-ray beam

Answer 19

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 20

lateral elbow collimation

Answer 20

Distal 1/3rd humerus, proximal 1/3rd radius and ulnar and soft tissue borders