bones

Question 1

how many bones does have a new-born have ?

Answer 1

300 soft bone

Question 2

how many bone does a adult have ?

Answer 2

206 bones

Question 3

what 2 things make up the skeletal system ?

Answer 3

bones+cartliages

Question 4

name the 5 types of bones?

Answer 4

-long
-flat
-irregular
-short
-sesamoid

Question 5

name the 3 parts of the macroscopic anatomy of the long bone ?

Answer 5

-diaphysis
-epiphysis
- metaphysis

Question 6

define diaphysis ?

Answer 6

shaft of the bone

Question 7

define epiphysis ?

Answer 7

proximal and distal ends of the bone

Question 8

define metaphysis ?

Answer 8

between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Question 9

where does the articular cartilage cover ?

Answer 9

covers the epiphysis, for example there is AC of the femoral condyles.

Question 10

define periosteum ?

Answer 10

surrounds the external bone surface

Question 11

define endosteum

Answer 11

thin membrane that lines surface of medullary cavity(hollow part inside of bone) inside of bone

Question 12

what are the 2 parts of the microscopic bone anatomy ?

Answer 12

• compact bone
• cancellous bone

Question 13

define the cancellous bone ?

Answer 13

inside the compact bone (SPONGY) reduces overall weight of bone, supports and protects red bone marrow.

Question 14

define the compact bone ?

Answer 14

protection and support, resists the stresses of movement and weight.

Question 15

where is compact bone found ?

Answer 15

found below the periosteum

Question 16

what makes up the bulk of the diaphysis ?

Answer 16

compact bone

Question 17

what is the compact bone made off? (hint-o….)

Answer 17

osteons, microscopic cylinders

Question 18

what is within osteons ?

Answer 18

osteocytes. this is surrounded by a matrix of minerals and fibres

Question 19

what is a harversian ?

Answer 19

sits within centre of osteon, has arteries, veins, nerve fibre

Question 20

what do osteons also contain?

Answer 20

osteons also contain collagen and lamelle

Question 21

describe the microscopic anatomy of cancellous bone?

Answer 21

-Cancellous bone (spongy) – refers to appearance not its texture

-Does not contain osteons

-consists of an irregular lattice of thin columns – trabeculae

• spaces between trabeculae’s makes bone lighter, also contains bone marrow.

Question 22

what do Osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells
do ?

and where are they found?

hint; before osteoblasts, what are all cells initially ?

found inner layer of … and ….

Answer 22

-Unspecialised stem cells, before osteoblasts

-Location: inner layer of the periosteum, the endosteum

Question 23

what do osteoblasts do ?

and where are they found ?

hint; Sytheseisie osteoid and … to form hydro….

found on all ….

Answer 23

-Bone building cells, synthesise enzyme and osteoid required to form hydroxyapatite

Location: on all bone surfaces

Question 24

what do Osteocytes do ?

and where are they found ?

hint : you have a fast one or slow one

maintains … exchange

found in … of compact and cancellous bone ?

Answer 24

-Mature osteoblasts
Maintain daily metabolism and nutrient/gas exchange

-Location: in the lacunae of compact and cancellous bone

Question 25

what do Osteoclasts do ? and where are they found ? hint; formed from a type of cell assootaited with immunity, releases ... to digest bone matrix found on all ... especailly ....

Answer 25

-Formed from white blood cells, release enzymes & acids to digest components of bone matrix (resorption) -Location: on all bone surfaces particularly concentrated in the endosteum