ford and carter presidency Flashcards
how did ford become president, and what was his task as president
following nixon’s resignation ford became president, he was given the task of repairing a nation and restoring confidence in the government and presidency
describe fords foreign policy
continued many of nixon’s plans
extended detente with the soviets
increased trade with china
saw the end of the vietnam war
describe fords domestic policy
ford had to face economic problems like nixon
called on americans to save their money in order to lower prices, cut government spending, called on congress to pass a tax cut
ford battled inflation and economic decline, and was unable to repair the broken economy
what was fords biggest controversy he caused
his use of the presidential pardon
who did he offer presidential pardons to
vietnam draft dodgers-pardon was received if dodgers took loyalty oath and worked 2 years in public service(conditional pardon)
nixon
why does ford pardon nixon
gives nixon a unconditional pardon for any crimes he committed as president
he did this to help heal the wounds of watergate scandal and help he american people move past the controversy
americans questioned why nixon could avoid punishment when others in the scandal served jail time, many beloved this cost ford the 1976 presidential election
how did carter win the election of 1976
he pushed his image of having no connection to washington, or the nixon administration
promised to “never tell a lie”
portrayed himself as president of he people by dressing casually
what were some of carters accomplishments
continued to limit nuclear weapons with the soviets
signed the panama canal treaty, returned control to panama by 2000
fought for human rights in places like south africa
offered an unconditional pardon to all vietnam war draft dodgers
camp david
what is the background of camp david accords
israel’s arab neighbors refused to recognize the existence of israel
they were at a constant state of war fighting over territory
egypt was the most powerful arab nation an leader of the middle east
how did egypt and israel move toward peace before the meeting at camp david
president sadat became to first arab leader to set foot on israel soil, begin then visited egypt
traveled to each others nations
what was camp david
carters mountain-top retreat away from public eye where he could get away from the press and often held meeting there
what was jimmy carters role in the negotiations at camp david
acted as a lead negotiator and worked on a peace treaty between egypt and israel
what two ways did carter save the negotiations when things went poorly
1) he found out sadat was going to leave, and said if he left it would be a serious blow to the relationship between egypt and the US
2) Begin threatened to leave, Carter told him they weren’t just creating a better future for themselves, they were creating a better future for their children and grandchildren
what were three results/ impacts of the Camp david accords
1) Israel agreed to return control of the Sinai Peninsula in exchange fore egypt recognizing israel as a nation
2) officially ended the state of war between them that had continued for 31 years and pared the way for future negotiations
3) Sadat and Begin shared the Nobel Peace Prize that year
what two things did the actions of The US and Soviet Union regarding the olympics reflect the cold war conflict
they wanted to show who was the superior nation, and who is he major influencer over the world
what was the 1980 summer olympic boycott
Carter says the US will boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not leave Afghanistan, after they didn’t Carter confirmed the boycott of the games
embarrassed the soviets and impacted their economy
what was the 1980 “Miracle on Ice”
during the 1980 winter olympics the US hockey team defeats the Soviets 4-3 in the medal round US won gold and Soviets won silver
soviet players refused the have their names engraved on the silver medals which showed heir humiliation of second place, reflected he battle of democracy vs communism during the cold war
summarize the 1984 summer olympic boycotting
Soviets claimed they would not be safe from protesters and possible physical attacks and boycotted the Olympics in Los Angeles
response to the US boycott of the Moscow Olympics
13 other communist nations issued a similar statement and refused to attend the games
US swept with 83 gold medals, an olympic record
who is Ayatollah Khomeini
Islamic fundamentalist leader of Iran after the Shahs exile
how are the US and Iran connected
valued ally of the US
reliable source of oil
the Shah of Iran won power and was favored by the US because who’s was anti communist and pro westernization
why did muslim fundamentalists want to see the Shah overthrown and replaced
what happened to the Shah
wanted a government ruled by Islamic Law
in 1979 the Shah is driven into exile and is replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini
how does Ayatollah rule Iran
turns Iran into an Islamic Republic
he is anti-western and does not like the US
turns to a liking point when cater brings the Shah to the US
how does Iran respond to the Shahs arrival in the US
students launch protests and demonstrations against the presence of the Shah in the US
Iranian protesters take over the US embassy
take 66 American hostages
Ayatollah did not order the plan but he supported the actions of the protesters
how did president carter despond to the protests and capturing of Americans
Iranian protesters only realesse the hostages when the US returns the Shah to Iran for trial
what is operation eagle claw
failed american rescue attempt which killed US servicemen and 1 civilian
what was the Canadian Caper
joint operation with the CIA and Canadian government to sneak 6 american diplomats out of Iran
how does this whole situation change
Shah travels to egypt and dies of cancer
Iran is also at the beginning of a war with Iraq
these factors push Iran to the negotiating table
what were the terms for the hostages to be released
return the late shahs wealth to Iran and unfreeze the Iranian assets in US banks in exchange for the hostages
how did the hostage crisis end
The US and Iran sign an agreement to release the hostages and unfreeze Iranian assets
hostages were released minutes after Ronald Reagan had been sworn into presidency
who did Iran wait to release the hostages until Reagan became president
so t doesn’t give Carter any credit and so carter couldn’t be re-elected
what are the impacts of the Iran hostage Crisis
seen as Jimmy Carter’s biggest failure, cost him the presidential election of 1980, strengthened the power of Ayatollah and the fundamentalist Islamic Repubkic of Iran
severely damaged US- Iranian relations with economic sanctions and weakened diplomatic relations
