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Physics > Forces GCSE > Flashcards

Forces GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

Scalar Quantities

A

Quantities with magnitude only

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2
Q

Vector Quantities

A

Quantities with magnitude and direction

Can be represented with an arrow

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3
Q

Force

A

A push or a pull acting on an object due to the interaction with another object

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4
Q

Types of forces

A

Contact and non-contact

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5
Q

Examples of contact forces

A
  • Friction
  • Air resistance
  • Tension
  • Normal contact force
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6
Q

Examples of non-contact forces

A
  • Gravity
  • Magnetic force
  • Electrostatic force
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7
Q

Examples of scalar quantities

A
  • Mass
  • Time
  • Distance
  • Speed
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8
Q

Examples of vector quantites

A
  • Velocity
  • Weight
  • Force
  • Displacement
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9
Q

Weight Formula

A

W = MG

Weight = Mass x Gravitational field strength

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10
Q

What is the relationship between weight and mass?

A

Directly proportional

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11
Q

How is weight measured?

A

Newton meter

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12
Q

Resultant force

A

The single force which has the same effect as all of the forces acting on it

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13
Q

Work done

A

When a force causes an object to move through a distance

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14
Q

Work done formula

A

WD = FD

Work done = Force x Distance

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15
Q

Elastic deformation

A

If an elastic object is stretched, bent or compressed, it returns to its original shape once the forces are removed

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16
Q

Inelastic deformation

A

When an object does not return to its original form after being bent, compressed or stretched

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17
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

F = ke

Extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied to it, providing the limit of proportionality is not exceeded

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18
Q

Elastic potential energy formula

A

Ep = 1/2ke^2

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19
Q

What is a moment

A

The turning effect of a force

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20
Q

Moment formula

A 
M = FD
Moment = Force x Distance
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21
Q

What happens when an object is balanced?

A

The total clockwise movement about a pivot is equal to the total anticlockwise movement

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22
Q

What do levers and gears do?

A

Act as a force multiplier by the use of moments.

Make moving heavy objects easier because less effort can be put in but for a greater force output

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23
Q

What is a fluid (pressure?

A

Liquid or gas

24
Q

How does pressure exert forces in a fluid?

A

Pressure exerts force at right angles to any surface

25
Q

Pressure formula (1)

A

P = F / A

26
Q

Pressure formula (2)

A

P = hpg

Pressure = Height of column x density of water x gravitational field strength

Pascals, meters, kg/m^3, N/kg

27
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The resultant force upwards due to greater pressures on the bottom an object

28
Q

Displacement

A

The distance an object moves in a straight live from the start point to the end point

29
Q

Speed of sound in air

A

330 m/s

30
Q

Distance formula

A

Distance = Speed / Time

31
Q

Velocity

A

Speed associated with a given direction.

32
Q

Distance/Time Graph

A

Used if an object moves along a straight line.

33
Q

Gradient of a Distance/Time Graph at time t.

A

Speed at time t.

34
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate at which speed changes over time

35
Q

Formula for acceleration

A

(v-u)/t - Change in Velocity over time

36
Q

Gradient of a Velocity/Time Graph at time t.

A

Acceleration at time t

37
Q

Area under a Velocity/Time graph represents…

A

The displacement of the object.

38
Q

Equation for uniform acceleration

A

v^2-u^2=2as

39
Q

Newtons first law

A

If a body is at rest or moving at constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or in motion at constant speed until acting upon by a force

40
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency of an object to continue in their state of rest or uniform motion

41
Q

Newtons second law

A

F = ma

Force directly proportional to the acceleration of an object

42
Q

Inertial mass

A

A measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object

43
Q

Newtons third law

A

Whenever 2 objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other. The two forces must act on the two different objects and the force must be of the same type

44
Q

Stopping distance

A

Distance an object travels, calculated by the sum of the braking distance and the thinking

The greater the speed, the greater the stopping distance

45
Q

What factors can influence reaction time

A
  • Tiredness
  • Drugs
  • Alcohol
  • Distractions
46
Q

What methods are used to measure reaction time?

A
  • Ruler drop test
47
Q

Factors affecting braking distance

A
  • Rain
  • Ice

-

48
Q

Factors affecting braking distance

A
  • Rain
  • Ice
  • The greater the speed, the greater the braking distance because more braking force is required
  • The greater the braking force, the greater the deceleration of the vehicle so the stopping distance is decreased
49
Q

What affects braking distance (forces)

A

When a force is applied to the brakes of a vehicle, work is done by the friction force between the brakes and the ground, so the wheel reduced kinetic energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increases

50
Q

What are the dangers of large decelerations

A
  • Tires may overheat due to friction between the tyre and the road
  • Causing it to wear out
  • So less grip for rainy or icy conditions
  • Which could cause future accidents
  • Loss of control, skidding
51
Q

Momentum formula

A

P = MV

52
Q

What is the total momentum change after a collision between two or more objects in a closed system?

A

No change - total momentum after an event is equal to the total momentum before an event

53
Q

When does a change in momentum occur?

A

When a force acts on an object that is moving

54
Q

What is an equation for momentum involving force?

A

F = mΔv / t

55
Q

What are some safety features to reduce momentum of impact?

A
  • Seatbelts
  • Air bags
  • Cushioned playground surfaces
  • Cycle helmets
  • Crash mats
56
Q

How do safety features reduce the momentum of an impact?

A
  • Increases time taken for impact to stop during a collision
  • So stopping time increases
  • Which decreases acceleration
  • So force decreases (f = ma)
  • So rate of change of momentum decreases

Physics (19 decks)

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