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Year 8 Science 23/24 > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the force between two surfaces sliding over one another, that causes them to heat up and wear away.

A

Friction

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2
Q

Name the force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth

A

Weight

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3
Q

Name the force acting against any object that is moving through the Earth’s atmosphere.

A

Air resistance/drag

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4
Q

Name the force pushing upwards on an object flying in the air.

A

Lift

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5
Q

Name the force pushing upwards on an object in a fluid.

A

Upthrust

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6
Q

Which force is a push caused by an engine (e.g. aircraft jet engine)?

A

Thrust

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7
Q

What is the unit of force?

A

newton, N

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8
Q

What instrument can we use to measure force in a lab?

A

newtonmeter

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9
Q

If forces on an object are not balanced what do we have?

A

A resultant force

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10
Q

If there is a resultant force on an object, what will happen?

A

Object will accelerate or decelerate

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11
Q

Describe the motion of the car

A

Stationary

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12
Q

Describe the motion of the car

A

Accelerating

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13
Q

Describe the motion of the car

A

Decelerating

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14
Q

Describe the motion of the car

A

Moving at constant speed

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15
Q

Name the forces acting on the car

A

Up - normal contact force, Down - weight, forward - friction (look back to your notes if you are unsure why), Back - air resistance/drag

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16
Q

What is the unit of weight?

A

newton, N

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17
Q

what is the unit of mass?

A

kilogram, kg

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18
Q

What is the formula that links mass and weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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19
Q

What is the Earth’s gravitational field strength?

A

10 N/kg (make sure you get the unit right!)

20
Q

What will happen to my mass if I go to the Moon?

A

stays the same

21
Q

What will happen to my weight if I go to the Moon?

A

It will change (decrease - the Moon has a smaller mass and radius that the Earth so the gravitational field strength is lower than on Earth)

22
Q

Describe the forces acting on a floating object

A

Weight = upthrust. These two forces are balanced. There is no resultant force

23
Q

For an object in a fluid, if weight > upthrust, what will happen?

A

The object will sink

24
Q

What causes upthrust?

A

There is a higher pressure at the bottom of the object than the top.

25
Q

List 2 characteristics of a streamlined shape

A

Rounded front
Slowly tapering tail
Smooth shape with no projections

26
Q

Name two ways to reduce resistive forces

A

Streamlining
Lubrication (reduces friction between moving parts)

27
Q

How do we calculate speed

A

speed = distance / time

28
Q

If you know the speed of an object and time taken to travel a certain distance, how can you calculate distance?

A

distance = speed x time

29
Q

If you know the distance an object travelled and the speed it travelled at, how can you calculate the time it took?

A

time = distance / speed

30
Q

Describe the motion in different parts of the graph?

A
31
Q

The image shows a distance-time graph. Describe the motion of the object

A

It is accelerating (the graph is getting steeper, this means that the speed is increasing)

32
Q

The image shows a distance-time graph. Describe the motion of the object

A

It is decelerating (the steepness of the graph is decreasing, this means the speed is decreasing)

33
Q

The point a lever rotates about is known as….

A

Pivot

34
Q

In a lever, the distance between the pivot and where the force is applied is known as…

A

lever arm

35
Q

If I want to increase the turning effect of a lever, what 2 things could I change?

A

Increase the force applied
Increase the length of the lever arm (i.e. distance from where the force is applied to the pivot)

36
Q

What is another word for turning effect?

A

moment

37
Q

What name is given to a type of joint that moves backwards and forwards (e.g. a knee)

A

Hinge

38
Q

What name is given to a type of joint that allows movement in a circle (e.g. a shoulder)

A

ball and socket

39
Q

What name is given to a type of joint that allows movement around an axis (e.g. an ankle)

A

pivot

40
Q

What is a pair of muscles that work in opposition to each other called?

A

antagonistic pair

41
Q

What happens to the shape of a muscle when it contracts?

A

It gets shorter and fatter

42
Q

What happens to the shape of a muscle when it relaxes?

A

It gets longer and thinner

43
Q

What links bone to bone?

A

Ligament

44
Q

What links bone to muscle?

A

Tendons

45
Q

Why do we have fluid in our joints

A

To reduce friction between bones

Year 8 Science 23/24 (14 decks)

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