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Year 8 Science 23/24 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the seven signs of life?

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensing, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition (MRS GREN)

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2
Q

Where does most of the energy for life come from?

A

The Sun

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3
Q

Which reaction is used by most producers to store energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

True or false: all living things carry out respiration

A

True

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5
Q

Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

Where in the cell does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

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8
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Water

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9
Q

What is the purpose of respiration?

A

Provides energy for other life processes

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10
Q

What is the name for the polymer made from glucose that is used to store energy?

A

Starch

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11
Q

What is the chemical test for starch?

A

Iodine solution turns black

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12
Q

Name two enzymes that break down starch

A

Amylase, Carbohydrase

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13
Q

A polymer is a large chemical made up of repeat units with what name?

A

Monomers

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14
Q

Which part of a plant typically has the most starch?

A

The root (or tuber)

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15
Q

In a food chain, what do the arrows represent?

A

The transfer of energy

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16
Q

Define a producer

A

An organism that produces its own nutrients

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17
Q

Define a consumer

A

An organism that gets its nutrients from other organisms

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18
Q

Define a herbivore

A

An organism adapted to consume plants

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19
Q

Define a carnivore

A

An organism adapted to consume animals

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20
Q

Define a predator

A

An animal that hunts other animals

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21
Q

Define a prey

A

An animal that is hunted by other animals

22
Q

Define a top (Apex) predator

A

An organism at the end of the food chain, which has no natural predators

23
Q

What is the technical term for each layer of a food chain / web?

A

A trophic level

24
Q

If the number of prey species decrease, what is likely to happen to their predators?

A

After a delay, the predator species will also decline

25
Q

What is the name for a graph showing the population in each level of a food chain?

A

Pyramid of numbers

26
Q

What is the name for a graph showing the size of organism in each level of a food chain?

A

Pyramid of biomass

27
Q

Name the process by which a chemical can increase in concentration higher up a food chain

A

Bioaccumulation

28
Q

Give an example of a pesticide

A

DDT

29
Q

What is the name for the female reproductive system in a plant?

A

Carpel

30
Q

What is the name for the male reproductive system in a plant?

A

Stamen

31
Q

List the three components of the female reproductive system in a plant

A

Stigma, style, ovary

32
Q

List the two components of the male reproductive system in a plant

A

Anther, filament

33
Q

What is the purpose of a petal?

A

To attract pollinating species

34
Q

What is the purpose of a sepal?

A

Protecting the flower until it blooms, and then supporting the flowerhead

35
Q

Name the male gamete in a plant

A

Pollen

36
Q

Name the female gamete in a plant

A

Ovules

37
Q

After fertilisation, what does the ovule become?

A

Zygote, then embryo, then a seed.

38
Q

After fertilisation, what does the ovary become?

A

Fruit

39
Q

What is the risk caused by having adjacent male and female reproductive organs?

A

Self-pollination

40
Q

How do plants avoid pollinating their own flowers?

A

Either having separate male and female flowers, or having the male and female organs develop at different times.

41
Q

Name the two types of plant fertilisation

A

Insect pollination or wind pollination

42
Q

A brightly coloured flower is likely to be fertilised by?

A

Insects

43
Q

A flower with large fluffy parts is likely to be fertilised by?

A

Wind

44
Q

Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents. What are these called?

A

Clones

45
Q

List the main methods of seed dispersal

A

Wind, Animal (external), Animal (internal), Water, Explosive

46
Q

Characteristics that can be inherited must be controlled by what?

A

DNA (genetics)

47
Q

The largest groups for classifying organisms are?

A

Domains

48
Q

Define a species

A

A group of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

49
Q

What is the name for the infertile offspring of two similar species?

A

Hybrid (e.g. mule, liger, tigon)

50
Q

What is the name for the way in which an organism is suited to its habitat?

A

Adaptation

Year 8 Science 23/24 (14 decks)

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