Earth and Space Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

The region around an object with mass where other objects experience weight

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2
Q

What is weight?

A

A force experienced by an object with mass that is inside a gravitational field

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3
Q

Give the formula for weight

A

weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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4
Q

What is the gravitational field strength of the earth?

A

10 N/kg (or 9.8)

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5
Q

What are the units of mass?

A

kg (kilograms)

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6
Q

What are the units of force?

A

N (newtons)

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7
Q

Name the planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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8
Q

Name the five largest dwarf planets

A

Pluto, Eris, Ceres, Makemake, Haumea

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9
Q

Why is Venus considered a “terrestrial” planet?

A

It is made of rock

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10
Q

Which planets are the ice giants?

A

Uranus and Neptune

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11
Q

What is meant by a “Jovian planet”

A

A planet that is similar to Jupiter (a gas giant)

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12
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

300,000,000 m/s

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13
Q

How long does it take for light to travel from the Moon to the Earth?

A

1.25 seconds

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14
Q

How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth?

A

500 seconds (approximately 8 minutes)

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15
Q

What do stars form from?

A

Nebulae

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16
Q

What is the name for most stars in the stable portion of their life cycle?

A

Main sequence star

17
Q

What is the name for the hot ball of gas that begins to form a star?

A

Protostar

18
Q

Which colour of star is the hottest?

A

Blue

19
Q

Which colour of star is the coolest?

A

Red

20
Q

Name the closest star to the solar system other than the sun

A

Proxima Centauri

21
Q

Give the name for the whole of space

A

Universe

22
Q

What is a group of billions of stars called?

A

Galaxy

23
Q

What is the name of the galaxy that the solar system is in?

A

Milky Way

24
Q

What is a year?

A

The time taken for a planet to orbit its star

25
Q

What is a day?

A

The time taken for a planet to rotate fully on its axis

26
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?

A

365.25 days

27
Q

What is the main factor controlling the length of a year for a planet?

A

The distance the planet is from the sun.

28
Q

Why does the Earth experience seasons?

A

The axis of rotation is tilted around 23 degrees from the plane of its orbit

29
Q

Mercury does not have a tilted axis of rotation. Will it experience seasons?

A

No

30
Q

Why is winter cooler than summer?

A

Away from the equator, sunlight is spread over a larger area of ground so warms it less. The days are also shorter, so there is less time for the ground to warm up.

31
Q

If something is moving in a circle e.g. a planet orbiting the sun, in which direction is the force?

A

Towards the centre of the circle

32
Q

Which force causes a moon to orbit a planet

A

gravitational force (directed towards the centre of a circle)

33
Q

Draw the magnetic field around a bar magnet

A
34
Q

Draw the magnetic field around the Earth

A

Remember - the Earth’s geographic north pole is a magnetic south pole (we still call it magnetic north when referring to where our compass needle points!)

35
Q

Draw the gravitational field around the Earth

A

It will be the same shape for other planets and stars