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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a newton

A

Force causing 1kg of mass to accelerate 1ms⁻²

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2
Q

Define density

A

Mass per unit volume of a substance

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3
Q

Define pressure

A

The force exerted per unit cross sectional area

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4
Q

Define pascal

A

Is 1 newton per square meter

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5
Q

Define torque of a couple

A

The turning effect of a couple

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6
Q

Define centre of mass

A

A point which external forces produce a straight line motion but no rotation

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7
Q

Define weight

A

The gravitational force on an object

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8
Q

What is Archimedes principle

A

Upward force is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

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9
Q

Define terminal velocity

A

The constant speed reached when drag force is equal

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10
Q

Define moment

A

The turning effect of a force

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11
Q

Define centre of gravity

A

A point where weight if an object appears to act

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12
Q

How do you find the centre of gravity

A
  • Make holes along the edges of the object and let it hang freely from a pin
  • It will come to rest with its centre of gravity below the pin
  • Hang a plumb line from the pin and draw a line along the plumb line
  • Repeat this for the other holes
  • Where the lines intersect is the centre of gravity
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13
Q

Define drag

A

It is the frictional force that opposes the motion of the object

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14
Q

What does drag depend on

A
  • Density of fluid
  • Shape
  • Speed

The two most important factors are speed and cross sectional area

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15
Q

Determining terminal velocity in fluids

A
  • Put elastic bands around the tube of viscous liquid in fixed distances
  • Drop a ball bearing and record the time at which it reaches each band
  • Repeat this a few times to reduce random errors
  • Calculate time take by the ball to travel between each band and find the velocity
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16
Q

What are the principle in moments

A

When a body is in equilibrium the net force acting on it is zero and it’s net movement is 0.

The sum of clockwise moments = anti-clockwise moments

Moment= force x distance

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17
Q

What is a couple

A

A pair of equal but opposite forces to the object

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18
Q

Equation for density

A

ρ= m/v (kgm⁻³)

19
Q

Equation for pressure

A

P=F/a (Nm⁻²)

20
Q

Equation for pressure in liquids

A

P=hρg

ρ=density of the liquid

21
Q

Equation for upthrust

A

Upthrust= axρg

22
Q

Equation for work done

A

W=Fx

23
Q

What are the different types of energy

A 
Kinetic 
Gravitational 
Chemical 
elastic potential 
Nuclear
Radiant 
Sound 
Electrical potential 
Thermal
24
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Is energy due to the motion of an object with mass

25
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Energy due to its position in a gravitational field

26
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy contained within bonds between atoms

27
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

Is energy stored in a object as a result of reversible change in its shape

28
Q

What is electrical potential energy

A

Is energy of electrical charges due to their position in an electric field

29
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

Is energy within the nuclei of an atom

30
Q

What is radiant energy

A

Is energy oscillated with all electromagnetic waves, stored within the oscillating electric and magnetic fields

31
Q

What is sound energy

A

Is energy of mechanical waves due to the movement of atoms

32
Q

What is thermal energy

A

Is the sum of random potential and kinetic energies of atoms in a system

33
Q

Equation for kinetic energy

A

Ek=0.5mv²

W=Fd F=ma
W=mad v²=u²+2as
W=m x v²/2s x d s and d cancel

34
Q

What is the equation for GPE

A

Ep=mgh

W=Fd F=weight

W=mgh

35
Q

Equations for power

A

P=w/t

P=fv v=velocity

P=w/t = fx/t (x/t)=velocity

36
Q

Define displacement

A

Distance traveled in a particular direction

37
Q

Define instantaneous speed

A

The speed at the moment it’s measured

38
Q

Define average speed

A

The rate of change in distance calculated over a complete journey

39
Q

Define Accelerated

A

The rate of change of velocity, a vector quantity

40
Q

Define velocity

A

A vector quantity equal to the rate of change in displacement

41
Q

What is thinking distance

A

The distance travelled between the moment when you first see a reason to stop

42
Q

What is Breaking distance

A

Is distance traveled from the moment breaks where applied

43
Q

Define moment

A

Force X perpendicular distance form the pivot to the line of action of the force

Physics (14 decks)

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