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Definitions Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Archimedes principle

A

For an object partially or fully submerged in a fluid the upthrust acting on an object is equal to the weight

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2
Q

Centre of mass

A

A point where the weight of an object appears to act

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3
Q

Hooke’s law

A

Force is directly proportional to extension as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded

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4
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit volume

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5
Q

Electromotive force

A

Work done per unit charge from when other forms of energy have converted into electrical energy

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6
Q

Principles of superposition of waves

A

When 2 or more waves meet at a point the resultant displacement at the points is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves

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7
Q

Kirchhoff’s first law

A

the sum of currents entering a junction is equal to the sum of the current leaving the junction

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8
Q

Kirchhoff’s second law

A

The sum of e.m.f.s is equal to the sum of the p.d.s in a closed loop

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9
Q

Linear momentum

A

Mass x velocity

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10
Q

Moment

A

Force X perpendicular distance from pivot

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11
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object will remain at rest or have a constant velocity unless a resultant force acts on it

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12
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum

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13
Q

Newton’s third law

A

If an object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A of the same type

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14
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

The emission of photoelectrons from a metal surface when electromagnetic radiation above a threshold frequency is incident on the metal

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15
Q

Potential difference

A

Work done per unit charge from electrical energy to other forms

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16
Q

Principle of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum is conserved in a closed system

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17
Q

Principle of moments

A

When a body is in equilibrium the sum of the moments clockwise is equal to the sum of the moments anti-clockwise

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18
Q

Torque of a couple

A

One of the forces X perpendicular distance between forces

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19
Q

Young’s modulus

A

Stress/ strain as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded

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20
Q

Binding energy

A

Minimum energy required to completely separate a nucleus into protons and neutrons

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21
Q

Boyle’s law

A

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume for a fixed mass with a constant temperature

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22
Q

Brownian motion

A

The continuous random motion of small particles suspended in a fluid visible under a microscope

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23
Q

Cosmological principle

A

The universe is homogenous and isotropic and the laws of physics are universal

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24
Q

Homogenous

A

Uniform density

25
Q

Isotropic

A

In all directions

26
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

The electrostatic force experienced by 2 points charges on each other is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square if their separation

27
Q

Electric field strength

A

The force Experienced per unit positive charge at that point

28
Q

Electric potential

A

The work done per unit positive charge to move a charge from infinity to a point in an electric field

29
Q

Faradays law

A

The magnitude of the e.m.f induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

30
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

The gravitational force experienced per unit mass at a point within a gravitational field

31
Q

Gravitational potential

A

Work done per unit mass to move a mass from infinity to a point in the gravitational field

32
Q

Hubbles law

A

Recessional velocity of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance from earth

33
Q

Lens’s law

A

The directional of induced e.m.f or current is always opposite to the change causing it

34
Q

Magnetic flux density

A

The strength of a magnetic field

35
Q

Newton’s law of gravitation

A

The force between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation

36
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A
  • Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement
  • Acceleration of an object acts in the direction opposite to displacement
37
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

The energy required to increase 1kg of mass by 1 kelvin

38
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The energy required to change the phase per unit mass

39
Q

Wien’s displacement law

A

Peak wavelength at which the intensity of radiation from a black body is a maximum, is inversely proportion to the absolute temperature of the black body

40
Q

Internal energy

A

The sum of randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of the substance

41
Q

Kepler first law

A

The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci

42
Q

Keplers second law

A

A line segment connecting a planet to the sine sweeps out equal areas during equal time intervals

43
Q

Keplers third law

A

The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun

44
Q

Kinetic model

A

A model that describes all substances as made of atoms, ions of molecules arranged differently depending on the phase

45
Q

Inelastic collision

A

A collision in which kinetic energy is transferred to other forms

46
Q

Hadron

A

A particle or antiparticle affected by the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force e.g. Protons and neutrons

47
Q

Leptons

A

Particle and antiparticle not affected by the strong nuclear force but by the weak

48
Q

Elastic limit

A

A point where plastic deformation takes place

49
Q

Plastic deformation

A

When a material or object will no longer return to its original shape

50
Q

Electric degeneracy pressure

A

An outward force provided by electrons in a white dwarf which is caused by the Pauli exclusion principle

51
Q

Chandrasekhar limit

A

The maximum mass of a core of a star where electron degeneracy pressure will prevent gravitational collapse of the core 1.44 M

52
Q

Electron volt

A

Energy transferred to or from an electron when it passes through a potential difference of one volt

53
Q

Absolute zero

A

The lowest possible temperature at which substances have minimal internal energy

54
Q

One becquerel

A

An activity of one decay per second

55
Q

One astronomical unit

A

The mean distance from the earth to the sun

56
Q

One light year

A

The distance travelled by light in a vacuum for 1 year

57
Q

One parsec

A

The distance at which 1Au subtends an angle of one arcsecond

58
Q

Ohms law

A

Potential difference is directly proportional to current as long as temperature is constant

59
Q

Magnetic flux density

A

The force on one metre of wire carrying a current of one amp at right angles to the magnetic field

Physics (14 decks)

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