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PHYSICS GCSE > FORCES #2 > Flashcards

FORCES #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is newtons first law

A

if the resultant force on astationary object is zero the object will remain stationary. if the resultant force on a moving object is zero itll carry on moving at the same velocity

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2
Q

the larger the resultant force on a object…

A

the more the object accelerates

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3
Q

force and acceleration are …..

A

directly proportional

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4
Q

equation for newtons second law

A

f=ma

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5
Q

what is inertia

A

inertia is the tendency for motion to remain unchanged

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6
Q

what is newtons third law

A

when two objects interact the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

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7
Q

how do you find inertia mass

A

m=f/a

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8
Q

example of newtons third law

A

is a man pushing against a wall
as he pushes against the wall there is a normal contact force acting back on him
the two forces are the same size
as the man applies a force and pushes the wall the wall pushes back on him with equal force

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9
Q

stopping distance =

A

thinking distance + braking distance

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10
Q

what is thinking distance

A

is how far the car travels during the drivers reaction time

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11
Q

what is braking distance

A

is the distance taken to stop under the braking force

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12
Q

what is thinking distance affected by

A

your speed, the fast you’re going the further youll travel
reaction time,
the longer your reaction time the longer your thinking distance

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13
Q

what is braking distance affected by

A

your speed
theweather
condition of your tyres

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14
Q

the larger the braking force

A

the larger the deceleration

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15
Q

what can reaction time be affected by

A

tiredness
drugs
alcohol

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16
Q

how can you measure reaction time

A

ruler drop test

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17
Q

as a car speeds up….

A

thinking distance increases at the same rate

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18
Q

braking distance increseases ….

A

faster the more you speed up

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19
Q

momentum=

A

mass * velocity

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20
Q

the greater the mass of an object or the greater its velocity….

A

the more momentum it has

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21
Q

momentum before =

A

momentum after

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22
Q

what is the conservation of momentum

A

in a closed systek the total momentum before an event is the same as after the event

23
Q

describe how momentum has been conserved by a gun recoiling

A

before the gun fires a bullet the toral momentum is zero
when the bullet leaves the gun it has momentum in one direction
the gun moves backwards so it has momentum int he opposite direction
this measn that the total momentum after the bullet has fired is zero this means momentum has been conserved

24
Q

force = (momentum)

A

change in momentum/change in time

25
Q

a larger force means…..

A

faster change in momentum

26
Q

car safwty featues

A

crumple zoens crumple on impact increasing the time taken for the car to stop

seatbelts slightly increasing the time taken for the weare to stop

air bags inflate before you hit the dashboard of a car

27
Q

how are bike helmets designed to reduce the impact of a fall (talk about momentum and time)

A

contain a crushable layer of foam which helps to lengthen the time taken for your head to stop in a crash
which means there is a longer change in momentum

28
Q

how are crash mats designed to reduce the impact of a fall (talk about momentum and time)

A

they increase the time taken for you to stop if you fall on them which means there is a longer change in momentum

29
Q

why are cars designed to slow people down over a longer time when peole crash

A

the longer the takes for a change in momentum the smaller the rate of change of momentum so the smaller the force
less force means less servere injury

30
Q

the longer the time taken for a change in momentum

A

the smaller the force

31
Q

a larger force or a larger distance means..

A

a larger moment

32
Q

what does it mean when an object has been elastically deformed

A

can go back to original shape or length

33
Q

what does it mean when an object has been in elastically deformed

A

doesn’t return to original shape or length

34
Q

why do we need to push at right angles

A

because pushing at any other angle means a smaller distance, and so that means a smaller moment

35
Q

a force transmitted to a larger gear…

A

will cause a bigger moment, as the distance to the pivot is greater

36
Q

the pressure of a fluid means…

A

A FORCE IS EXERTED AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ANY SURFACE IN CONTACT WITH A FLUID

37
Q

what do objects in fluids experience

A

upthrust

38
Q

pressure increases with…

A

depth

39
Q

an object floats if its weight =

A

upthrust

40
Q

how do submarines use upthrust

A

to sink, large tanks are filled with water to increase the weight of the submarine so that it is more than the upthrust
to go to the surface the tanks are filled with water to increase the weight of the submarine so that it will be more than the upthrust

41
Q

atmospheric pressure decreases with…

A

height

42
Q

how Is atmospheric pressure created

A

on a surface by air molecules colliding with the surface

43
Q

what is velocity

A

speed in a given direction

44
Q

why when the altitude increases does the atmospheric pressure decrease

A

because as the altitude increases the atmosphere gets less dense so there are fewer air molecules that are able to collide with the surface

45
Q

measuring displacement

A

displacement measures the distance and direction in a straight line from an objects starting and finishing point

46
Q

example of measuring displacement

A

if you walk 5m north then 5m south the displacement is 0m as its in a straight line
the total distance is 10m

47
Q

Mark walks her dog after skl she takes a route of 1500m that starts and returns to her home
what is the distance she travels
whats her displacement

A 
distance= 1500m
displacement = 0m
48
Q 
typical every day speeds
walking
running
cycling
car
train
plane
A 
walking- 1.5m/s
running- 3m/s
cycling- 6m/s
car- 25m/s
train- 55m/s
plane- 250m/s
49
Q

what is the number for acceleration due to gravity(falling object)

A

9.8m/s2

50
Q

when calculating uniform acceleration of a ball dropping what do you use for the acceleration

A

9.8m/s2

51
Q

how do you find the acceleration at a point on a velocity time graph

A

use a tangent to the curve at a point

52
Q

what is drag

A

resistance you get in a fluid, gas. or liquid

53
Q

how do you reduce drag

A

make the object stream lined

54
Q

example of drag

A

air resistance

PHYSICS GCSE (12 decks)

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