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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What is resultant force?

A

The overall force on a point or object

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2
Q

What is Work Done?

A

When a force moves an object through a distance, (energy is transferred)

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3
Q

When is an object at equilibrium?

A

When all the forces acting on an object are balanced

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4
Q

When you apply a force to an object you can cause it to?

A

stretch, compress or bend
(this transfers energy/ work is done)

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5
Q

What does it mean if an object is inelastically deformed?

A

the object won’t return to its original shape/length after the force on it is removed.

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6
Q

What is the relationship between force and extension

A

Force is directly proportional to Extension

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7
Q

What does a stiffer spring do to the spring constant?

A

Gives it a greater spring constant

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8
Q

What is the Limit of Proportionality?

A

When spring extension is no longer proportional to force

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9
Q

What are fluids?

A

substances that can flow as their particles can move around

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10
Q

What does pressure of a fluid mean?

A

Pressure is exerted at normal (right angles) to surfaces in contact with the fluid

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11
Q

What is Density?

A

The measure of how compact particles in a substance are.

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12
Q

What is the difference between the density of a liquid and the density of a gas?

A

Liquid: density is uniform/same everywhere

Gas: varies with height

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13
Q

How does density affect pressure in terms of particles?

A

A higher density means more particles in a given volume, more particles are able to collide-> higher pressure

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14
Q

How does depth affect pressure in terms of particles?

A

As depth increases, number of particles above increases-> weight adds more pressure

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15
Q

What equation is pressure in a column?

A

Pressure= hpg
height of column of liquid
Gravitational field strength
Density of liquid

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16
Q

What is Upthrust?

A

A resultant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

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17
Q

What happens to an object if its upthrust is equal to its weight?

A

The forces balance and the object floats

18
Q

What happens to an object if its weight is more than its upthrust?

A

The object will sink

19
Q

What does density dictate about an object?

A

Whether it will float or not

20
Q

When will an object float?

A

When the object is less dense than the fluid it’s placed in

21
Q

What is the relationship between Atmospheric pressure and Height/Altitude ?

A

Atmospheric pressure decreases as height (from sea level) increases

22
Q

What is Atmospheric pressure?

A

Created on a surface by air molecules colliding with the surface

23
Q

Why does pressure decrease as altitude increases?

A

Air becomes less dense, less particle collisions
Also fewer air molecules above, weight decreases

24
Q

What is Friction?

A

Force that acts in the opposite direction of movement

25
Q

If speed increases, what happens to drag?

A

Drag also increases

26
Q

What is drag?

A

resistance in a fluid

27
Q

How do you reduce drag?

A
  • keep the object’s shape streamlined
28
Q

What is Terminal Velocity?

A

When the acceleration of a falling object and its drag are the same (resultant force = 0)
- the object falls at a constant speed

29
Q

What is Terminal Velocity determined by?

A
  • Drag in comparison to Weight
  • Shape
  • Area
30
Q

What is the equation for Stopping distance?

A

Stopping distance= Thinking distance + Breaking Distance

31
Q

What is Stopping distance?

A

the distance it takes to stop a car in an emergency

32
Q

What is Thinking distance?

A

how far the car travels during the driver’s reaction time

33
Q

What is Breaking distance?

A

distance taken to stop under a breaking force

34
Q

What is Thinking distance affected by?

A
  • Speed
  • Reaction time
35
Q

What is Breaking distance affected by?

A
  • Speed
  • Weather or Road surface (wet or icy, leaves or oil on the road)
  • Condition of the tyres (less tread, skidding)
  • Condition of brakes (faulty, worn etc)
36
Q

What causes a car to brake, between the brakes and the wheels?

A

Friction
- brake pads pressed on wheels

37
Q

What are the dangers of driving fast and then braking?

A
  • faster a car is going, more energy in kinetic stores, more works need to be done to stop-> greater braking force
  • large braking force-> larger deceleration, causes brakes to overheat + cause vehicle to skid
38
Q

What factors affect Reaction time?

A
  • tiredness
  • drugs
  • alcohol
  • distractions (music, on the phone)
39
Q

Why are speed limits important?

A
  • Speed seriously affects stopping distance, reduces amount of likely accidents
40
Q

What affects braking distance the most?

A

Speed

Physics (18 decks)

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