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Force And Pressure 8 IJSO Flashcards

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1
Q

Instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure

A

Barometer

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2
Q

SI unit of force

A

Newton

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3
Q

Pressure formula

A

Force/ area

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4
Q

SI unit of force

A

Newton

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5
Q

CGS unit of force

A

Dyne

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6
Q

Acceleration formula

A

(v-u)/time

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7
Q

V is equal to

A

U + at

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8
Q

Force of friction occurs

A

Parallel

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9
Q

Value of g

A

9.8m/s square

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10
Q

Gravitational force of earth is called

A

Gravity

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11
Q

For a body moving downwards g is taken positive but in the other case negative

A

T

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12
Q

One newton is equal to how many kgf

A

.1 kgf

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13
Q

One newton = how many gf

A

100

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14
Q

1 newton = how many dynes

A

10 raised to5

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15
Q

Weakest and strongest force in nature

A

Gravitational and nuclear force

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16
Q

Force has how many main effects

A

4

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17
Q

Force formula

A

Mass x acceleration

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18
Q

Acceleration formula

A

Rate of change in velocity/ time

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19
Q

Squeezing a lemon is a

A

Balanced force

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20
Q

In equator acceleration due to gravity is

A

9.7 m/s square

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21
Q

In poles gravitational acceleration is

A

9.8 m/s square

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22
Q

Gravitational constant

A

G

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23
Q

G value

A

6.673 x 10 raised to -11 N m sq / kg sq

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24
Q

To calculate the force acted on a object by another object

A

F of gravitation = G x m1 x m2 / distance btw them squared

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25
Q

1 newton is equal to how many kgf and gf

A

.1 kgf and 100 gf

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26
Q

Solid particles in factory smoke are …………

A

charged

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27
Q

Solid particles in factory smoke is separated by

A

Electrodes

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28
Q

Electrostatic force is derived from a ………… word

A

Greek

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29
Q

Strongest force in nature

A

Nuclear force

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30
Q

Nuclear force ??????????????

A

The energy that binds the protons and neutrons in a nucleus

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31
Q

Momentum formula

A

Mass x velocity

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32
Q

Inertia?????????

A

The state of power within it to resist change in motion. Eg going forward when a train stops

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33
Q

Pressure in a water container

A

Increases with depth due to increase in gravity and weight acting on it

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34
Q

Pressure of water formula ( P)

A

P = density x gravity x height

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35
Q

What’s pascal’s law

A

When pressure is applied on a liquid,it is transmitted equally in all directions

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36
Q

Liquid pressure is measured by

A

Manometer

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37
Q

Barometer was discovered by

A

Torricelli

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38
Q

76 cm level high mercury indicates

A

1 atmospheric pressure

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39
Q

Spring balance use

A

Measure weight

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40
Q

Beam balance use

A

Measure mass

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41
Q

Impulse?????

A

Change in momentum when force is acted upon it for a short period of time. It is very short ( time)

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42
Q

Impulse formula

A

Force x time

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43
Q

What happens when you travel at the speed of light

A

Time remains constant it does not move

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44
Q

If u travel greater than speed of light

A

U can travel to the past

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45
Q

Albert Einstein discovered the formula

A

Energy possessed by an object = mass x c square

C stands for velocity of light

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46
Q

Muscular force also called

A

Mechanical force

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47
Q

Muscular force also called

A

Biological force

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48
Q

Gravitational acceleration on moon is

A

1.7 m/sec sq.l

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49
Q

Momentum formula

A

Mass x velocity

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50
Q

Impulse

A

Change in momentum

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51
Q

Impulse applied is equal to

A

Force x time

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52
Q

The SI unit of pressure that is pascal is named after

A

French physicist Blaise pascal

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53
Q

The average length of the atmosphere is

A

120 km

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54
Q

Name some magnetic materials

A

Iron , nickel , cobalt , aluminium,manganese, magnetite

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55
Q

Name 2 devices that are used to measure weight

A

Spring balance and compressed balance

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56
Q

Muscular force also called

A

Biological force

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57
Q

Gravitational force of the earth is called

A

Gravity

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58
Q

1 ATM is equal to

A

1.01 x 10 raised to 5 pascal
760 mm of Hg or 76 cm
760 torr
14.7 psi

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59
Q

Psi full form

A

Pound per square inch

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60
Q

1 inch is equal to

A

2.5 cm

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61
Q

1 pound is equal to

A

Half kg

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62
Q

1 pascal in charge unit is equal to

A

10 dyne / cm sq.

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63
Q

Colour of mercury

A

Silver

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64
Q

You cannot dive to more than a depth of

A

120 m deep in water

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65
Q

Pascals law states

A

The pressure exerted at any point in an enclosed liquid is transmitted equally in all directions

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66
Q

Mercury color

A

Silvery liquid metal

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67
Q

The buoyancy of an object can be calculated by the

A

Weight of the liquid displaced by the object when it is immersed in water.

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68
Q

How can you determine if the object on which the buoyancy is acted would float or sink

A

By using specific gravity
It is the ratio of the density of the object to the density of water.
If the specific gravity is-

More than 1 - it would sink
Less than 1 - it would float

69
Q

How can you determine if the object on which buoyancy is acted would float or sink

A

By calculating specific gravity
It is the ratio between the density of the object to that of water.
If it is less than 1- it would float
If it is more than 1 - it would sink

70
Q

Water has a specific gravity of

A

1

71
Q

Density of water

A

1 gram / cm cube and 1000 kg / m cube

72
Q

Buoyancy compensators helps you to get

A

Neutral buoyancy under water

73
Q

3 types of buoyancy

A

Positive
Negative
Neutral

74
Q

Positive buoyancy means

A

Floating

75
Q

Negative buoyancy means

A

Sinking

76
Q

Neutral buoyancy means

A

Half floating and half sinking

77
Q

Perpendicular force is called

A

Thrust

78
Q

Popping of ears happens to

A

Maintain the balance of pressure in your body

79
Q

Venus atmospheric pressure is

A

90 times as that of earth due to the presence of CO2

80
Q

Hydraulic machines include

A

Hydraulic jack,hydraulic brake

81
Q

Hydraulic jack also called

A

Hydraulic lift

82
Q

Oil is used in some hydraulic machines

A

To prevent rusting and to ensure smooth movement

83
Q

To prevent back flow of fluid in the hydraulic jack there is a

A

Valve

84
Q

1 atmospheric pressure is equal to 1

A

Bar

85
Q

Momentum is equal to

A

Mass x velocity

86
Q

Pulse is equal to

A

Force x time which is equal to change in momentum

87
Q

Force x time is equal to

A

Mass x ∆velocity
The symbol stands for delta
Delta means change in something

88
Q

Boyles law

A

V x P = n x R x T

89
Q

Three types of barometer

A

Mercury barometer, Fortin’s barometer , aneroid barometer

90
Q

Aneroid barometer speciality

A

Do not use mercury , do not need to be kept straight , an iron sheet within it is vaccuum , the iron sheet is situated
between a sealed metal box acts as the diaphragm , as pressure increases air presses diaphragm , and the wheel rotates in clockwise direction in a scale and totally vice versa

91
Q

The disadvantage of aneroid s barometer is

A

Not accurate

92
Q

Density of air at sea level

A

1.22 kg / metre cube

93
Q

How does pressure decrease with altitude

A

For every 105 meter pressure would decrease by 1 cm of hg

94
Q

Altimeter

A

An instrument in planes used to measure the altitude in relation with pressure.
With every 105 m there is a decrease in one cm of hg. Aneroid barometer is used in it

95
Q

Fall in atmospheric pressure

A

Depression

96
Q

Gauge vs barometer

A

Gauge is used to measure pressure in a closed container.

Barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure

97
Q

If water is replaced by mercury what is its height

A

10.34 metre

98
Q

Mechanical advantage is

A

Load/effort

99
Q

Kinetic theory of matter

A

Kinetic energy of molecules is directly proportional to absolute temperature

Molecules always attract each other.

100
Q

2 types of attraction of molecules

A

Force of attraction between like molecules is called cohesive force
Force of attraction between different or unlike molecules is called adhesive force

101
Q

In solids cohesive force is

A

Strong so they are held together

102
Q

In gases cohesive forces are weak so what happens

A

They cannot be held to shape, no fixed rigidity , and no volume

103
Q

As cohesive force is less in solids and liquids so ?

A

They can flow and have more freedom of movement. This property is called fluidity so liquids and gases are together called fluids

104
Q

1 newton is equal to

A

10 raised to -5 newton = one dyne

1 newton = .1 kgwt = 100 gwt

105
Q

Units of pressure

A

1 ATM = 1 bar = 10 raised to 5 Pa = 76 cm of Hg = 760 mm of hg = 760 torr

106
Q

1 torr is equal to

A

1 mm of Hg

107
Q

Buoyancy is also called

A

upthrust

108
Q

If density is more in hares apparatus

Then the

A

Height of the liquid column will be shorter

109
Q

So relative density of liquid is measured by

A

Haré apparatus using the formula
Height of water column / height of the liquid column
It is a ratio

110
Q

Mercury barometer was discovered by and named after

A

Torricelli ( Torricellian barometer )

111
Q

The empty space at the top in the barometer is called

A

Torricellian vacuum

112
Q

Height of water if it is used instead of mercury in barometer

A

10.34 metre

113
Q

Disadvantages of mercury barometer

A

Can be easily spilt

Impurities may dissolve

114
Q

Fortin’s barometer advantage is

A

Can be measured accurately by using many scales

115
Q

Plimsoll lines ?

A

It is a measuring index in ships to know the capacity it can safely carry within water

116
Q

Mercury density

A

13.6 grams per cubic metre

117
Q

In aneroid barometer the iron sheet is

A

Corrugated

118
Q

Meniscus

A

A curved surface in a liquid

119
Q

2 types of meniscus

A

Convex

Concave

120
Q

Concave happens in

A

In water where cohesion force between molecules is less than adhesion between the container molecules

121
Q

Convex meniscus happens in

A

Mercury where cohesion is more than adhesion

122
Q

Surface tension ??????

A

The water molecules in the liquid have a force exerted by other water molecules around it. Thus they are placed in position.
But those molecules found on the surface are more free and form a stronger and more stable bond between them . This is called surface tension

123
Q

What do you mean by law of conservation of momentum

A

The momentum of 2 bodies that collide remains same after their collision

M1 + M2 = M3 + M4

124
Q

In elastic collision between objects

A

Law of conservation of momentum is followed

Maintain kinetic energy

125
Q

In inelastic collisions between molecules do not follow

A

Kinetic energy is not maintained as some of kinetic energy transforms into internal energy

126
Q

Density formula

A

Mass / volume

127
Q

Specific gravity also called

A

Relative density

128
Q

Specific gravity helps us to know

A

How much part of a solid floats on water and sinks in water

129
Q

To find specific gravity of an object in a LIQUID

A

Density of object / Density of liquid (ratio)

130
Q

The specific gravity of ice in water

A

Density of ice - 920
Density of water - 1000
So specific gravity is 920/1000 = .92
So 92 % of ice will sink in water and this is why you only see some part of an iceberg on top of water

131
Q

Specific gravity has no unit as it is a

A

Ratio

132
Q

Atmospheric pressure measured by

A

Barometer

133
Q

Liquid pressure measured by

A

Pressure gauge , it’s simplest form is manometer which measures pressure difference.

134
Q

Law of conservation of momentum

A

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

135
Q

CGS unit of work

A

erg

136
Q

Work and energy are

A

Scalar qtys

137
Q

Mechanical energy further classified into

A

Potential and kinetic energy

138
Q

Centre of gravity of a right circular cone

A

Is situated h/4 distance from the base (height)

139
Q

A body is said to be in equilibrium if

A

It does not experience any change in motion or rest , even under influence of outside forces

140
Q

Mechanical efficiency of a machine

A

Output / input
OR
Work done by the machine / work done on it

141
Q

Mechanical efficiency =

A

Mechanical advantage / velocity ratio

142
Q

Velocity ratio of a simple machine

A

Ratio of displacement of power and load

143
Q

In a lever , load arm ?

A

Distance of load from fulcrum

144
Q

In a lever , effort arm ?

A

Distance of effort from fulcrum

145
Q

Law of levers

A

Load x load arm = Power x power arm

146
Q

Types of levers

A

1st order
2nd order
3rd order

147
Q

1st order levers

A

Fulcrum comes between load and effort

E.g. seesaw , scissors

148
Q

Second order levers

A

Load lies between fulcrum and effort

E.g. bottle lid opener

149
Q

Third order level

A

Effort lies between fulcrum and load

E.g. forceps

150
Q

Pulley

A

Simple machine used to alter the direction of force

151
Q

3 types of equilibrium

A

Stable
Unstable
Neutral

152
Q

Neutral equilibrium

A

A body is to be in neutral… if the height to its centre of gravity remains unchanged even when moved.

153
Q

Unstable equilibrium and stable equilibrium

A

If the object changes it’s original position due to slight external forces and vice versa

154
Q

Newton’s first law

A

Law of inertia

155
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Force applied is directly proportional to rate of change of momentum

156
Q

Newton’s third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

157
Q

3 types of inertia

A

Inertia of rest
Inertia of motion
Inertia of direction

158
Q

Mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley

A

W/P = 1

159
Q

Single movable pulley- mechanical advantage

A

W/P= 2P/P = 2

160
Q

Block of pulleys mechanical advantage

A

If there are 6 pulleys in the total system then if -
The power applied is P
Then the work done is 6P ;using the formula the mechanical advantage is 6.

If there are ‘n’ no of pulleys then M.A.= n

161
Q

Mechanical advantage of an inclined plane =

A

Length of plane / height of the plane

162
Q

Fortin’s barometer

A

Improved form of mercury barometer

163
Q

The Fortin’s barometer has

A

2 scales
Main
Vernier

164
Q

Density of air

A

1.29 kg/m cube

165
Q

Lift pump

A

Used to lift water using the principle of atmospheric pressure ( to a height of 10.34)

166
Q

Bramah press or hydraulic press are applications of

A

Pascal’s laws

167
Q

As the upthrust = weight of the fluid displaced ; it is directly proportional to

A

Volume and density of the fluid

168
Q

Hydrometer

A

Device used to measure relative density of liquids

169
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A

Within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed.

Physics (17 decks)

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