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Physics > Circular Motion,Relative Motion And SHM > Flashcards

Circular Motion,Relative Motion And SHM Flashcards

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1
Q

Circular motion definition

A

When a particle moves in a plane such that it’s distance from a fixed(or moving) point remains constant, then it is said to be in circular motion with respect to that point.

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2
Q

Position vector definition

A

A vector that establishes the position of a point in space relative to the arbitrary reference origin.

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3
Q

Angular position of a point in space requires

A

An arbitrary origin and a reference line.

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4
Q

Angular position of a point in space is defined as

A

The angle made by the position vector(w.r.t origin) with the reference line.

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5
Q

Circular motion has …. dimensions

A

2

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6
Q

2 types of acceleration in circular motion

A

Tangential acceleration

Centripetal acceleration

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7
Q

Tangential acceleration direction

A

Tangential to the circular motion.

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8
Q

Tangential acceleration changes the

A

Speed of the particle.

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9
Q

Centripetal acceleration changes the

A

Direction of velocity

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10
Q

Centripetal acceleration is also called

A

Radial acceleration or normal acceleration (R).

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11
Q

Total acceleration (in circular motion)

A

Vector sum of tangential and centripetal acceleration (R).

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12
Q

In circular motion there must be a

A

Force acting on the object otherwise, it should follow a linear motion.

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13
Q

Motion definition

A

Change in position of an object over time.

W

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14
Q

Relative position

A

Position of a particle with respect to the observer.

R

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15
Q

The position of A w.r.t B is denoted by the

A

Displacement vector.
Position vector of A - Position vector of B.

And vice versa.

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16
Q

Relative velocity of A with respect to B is

A

The velocity with which A appears to move, if B is at rest. (R)

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17
Q

Periodic motion definition

A

When body repeats its motion along a definite path in regular intervals of time, it’s motion is said to be Periodic motion. (R)

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18
Q

The regular intervals of time in which the periodic motion of an object repeats it

A

Time period or

Harmonic motion period (R)

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19
Q

Time period definition

A

Smallest time interval after which the oscillation repeats itself. (R)

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20
Q

Time period of a second pendulum

A

2 seconds. (R)

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21
Q

Length of a second pendulum

A

.993 m.

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22
Q

Angular displacement definition

A

Angle through which the position vector of a moving particle rotates in a given interval of time. (R)

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23
Q

Angular displacement depends on

A

The origin ,but does not depend on the reference line. (R)

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24
Q

Angle, Angular displacement, Angular velocity, Angular acceleration are all

A

Dimensionless quantities.

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25
Q

1 rev =

A

360°

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26
Q

1 revolution written as

A

1 rev

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27
Q

Angular velocity is represented by

A

Omega

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28
Q

Angular acceleration is represented by

A

Alpha

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29
Q

Axial vectors definition

A

Vectors representing rotation effect. (R)

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30
Q

If angular acceleration is 0 ,then circular motion is

A

Uniform.

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31
Q

Angular acceleration acts along the

A

Axis of rotation

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32
Q

Tangential acceleration acts

A

Tangentially to the circular path

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33
Q

Tangential acceleration =

A

radius x angular acceleration

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34
Q

Centripetal acceleration =

A

V*2/r

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35
Q

Velocity of approach of 2 moving particles =

A

|V(ab)| = |V(ba)|

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36
Q

V(ab)

A

Velocity of a with the respect to b, where b itself is considered to be at rest.

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37
Q

Oscillatory motion

A

To and fro type of motion of objects

38
Q

Damped oscillations

A

Oscillations in which energy is consumed due to some resistive forces, thus causing the total mechanical energy to reduce.

39
Q

Restoring force

A

Force acting in an oscillation directed towards the equilibrium point.

40
Q

Simplest form of oscillatory motion

A

Simple Harmonic Motion

41
Q

Definition of SHM

A

If the restoring force acting on the body is directly proportional to the displacement of the body and is always directed towards the equilibrium position.

42
Q

Types of SHM

A

Linear SHM

Angular SHM

43
Q

In a linear SHM, the oscillation happens along a

A

Straight line.

44
Q

In an oscillation there is

A

2 extreme positions and 1 mean position(equilibrium point)

45
Q

Amplitude of a particle in SHM

A

Maximum value of displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.

46
Q

Amplitude of a particle in SHM motion is directly proportional to the

A

Total mechanical energy of a body.

47
Q

Amplitude of a particle in SHM is quantitatively expressed as

A

A = 1/2 x (distance between the 2 extreme positions)

48
Q

For SHM to exist, only 1 condition is sufficient ?

A

F = -kx
x : displacement
k : spring constant

49
Q

Spring constant is also called as

A

Force constant.

50
Q

The linear displacement between 2 points in circular motion is

A

r∆θ

51
Q

s = rθ , prove it ?

A

S=(theta/2pi)(2pi*r)=r(theta)

52
Q

Proof of v = r ω
v - linear speed
r - radius
ω - angular velocity

A 
∆s = r∆θ
∆s/∆t = r∆θ/∆t
v = r ω
53
Q

Relationship btw angular velocity and linear velocity

A

v = r ω

54
Q

a(t) = r α

Derivation ?

A

By differentiating the equation v = r ω with respect to time.

55
Q

Tangential acceleration is the

A

Rate of change of speed and not velocity.

56
Q

In v = r ω,

v is

A

Linear speed and not linear velocity.

57
Q

Linear velocity vector is always

A

Tangential

58
Q

Linear speed =

A

Radius x angular velocity

v=r α

59
Q

Linear velocity

A

r ω [-i sinθ + j cosθ] = r ω e(t)

60
Q

Linear acceleration =

A

-ω²r e(r) + dv/dt e(t)

e(r) and e(t) are unit vectors, with specific directions.
e(r) : radial direction
e(t) : tangential acceleration

61
Q

e(r) is the

[it was hard to put the arrow]

A

Radial unit vector = [i cosθ + j sinθ]

62
Q

e(t) is the

[it was hard to put the arrow]

A

Tangential unit vector = [-i sinθ + j cosθ]

63
Q

If it is uniform circular motion, then ….. is not present

A

Tangential acceleration

64
Q

Tangential acceleration =

A

dv/dt

65
Q

Resultant acceleration makes an angle alpha with the radius , and tan alpha =

A

(dv/dt)/(v²/r)

66
Q

Derivation of a(c) = v²/r from a(c) = ω²r

A

ω²r = (v²/r²) x r = v²/r

67
Q

Angular acceleration is a vector , but angular velocity is a

A

Scalar

68
Q

Angular displacement is

A

Scalar

69
Q

Angular displacement is a

A

Scalar, unless it is infinitesimally small.

70
Q

Distance travelled in n second

A

sn=u+a/2(2n-1)

71
Q

If the velocity of an object is less than √5gl then the motion of the particle depends on whether

A

The speed or tension will become 0 first.

72
Q

Conditions for speed to become 0 before tension

A

0 < velocity < √2gl

This happens only between 0° and 90°

73
Q

If the velocity is √2gl, then

A

The particle travels 90° and speed and tension becomes 0 at the same time.

74
Q

If speed becomes 0 before tension, then the object will

A

Oscillates

75
Q

Conditions for tension to become 0 first

A

√2gl < velocity < √5gl

This happens only between 90° and 180°

76
Q

If the object’s tension becomes 0 first, then the motion would be

A

A combined form of circular and projectile motion.

77
Q

Newton’s law are not valid in a

A

Non inertial frame.

78
Q

Centrifugal force is a

A

Pseudo force

79
Q

Pseudo forces have to be assumed if the frame in which we are working is

A

Non inertial

80
Q

Centrifugal force =

A

Centripetal Force = mv2/r

81
Q

If we analyse the motion of objects moving in a rotating frame many pseudo forces have to be assumed like

A

Coriolis Force,centrifugal Force etc.

82
Q

If we are working in an inertial frame

A

No pseudo forces have to be applied.

83
Q

Earth’s axis of rotation

A

Line joining North Pole and South Pole.

84
Q

Every point in earth

A

Moves in a circle

85
Q

Poles of the earth

A

Do not rotate and hence effect of earth’s rotation is not felt there.

86
Q

Relationship between mg and mg’ in poles and equator

A

In poles
mg = mg’
In equator
mg’ - mv*2/r = mg

87
Q

g’ ≥ g

A

T

88
Q

g’ =

A

g + mv²/r = √[g² − ω²Rsin²θ (2g-ω²r)]

89
Q

r =

A

R sin θ

90
Q

To convert Radians into degrees multiply it by

A

180/pie = 57.3

91
Q

Cos θ for very small angles (in Radians) can be found by

A

1-(θ²/2)

Physics (17 decks)

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