for exam - RACHEL Flashcards
what does Skinner say about emotions?
they do not have any useful function
disrupt activity
lack logic
what does Leverson say about emotions?
they have a clear purpose
organise behaviour
allow us to adjust to environment
what are 4 primary emotions?
joy, surprise, sadness, anger
when are primary emotions detectable?
birth - 1 year
what are secondary emotions and when are they detectable?
complex self/social emotions, emerge 1.5-3 years when children realise they exist
what are 5 secondary emotions?
embarrassment, empathy, pride, guilt, shame
what is social referencing?
the idea that children use their parents as a guide to how they should feel through monitoring their parents’ reactions
what is an experiment evidencing social referencing
babies crawling on box with mum at the other end, when mother shows looks of uncertainty, babies would not crawl over
what is emotion regulation?
processes learned throughout the lifetime involving inititiating, maintaining and altering emotional responses
what happens to emotions in childhood?
children develop more emotional competence - can deal with positive and negative emotions
start to learn rules for emotions (culture helps)
what are 4 characteristics of emotion coaching?
- being aware of low intensity emotions
- accepting and empathising
- helping to understand and express
- helping to deal with the situation
what are 3 characteristics of emotion dismissing?
- ignoring, denying or punishing negative emotions
- trying to convert them to a positive emotion as quickly as possible
- not dealing with the emotion
what happens to emotions in adolescence?
more negative life events = poor regulation = mood swings
choosing to savour negative emotions
what happens to emotions in old age?
more positive = greater wellbeing
smaller social circle
what are 4 emotional regulation strategies?
- emotional supression
- rumination
- distraction
- cognitive reappraisal
what is rumination?
thinking about how bad you’re feeling over and over again
what is cognitive reappraisal?
reframing something bad that has happened positively
what is the positivity effect?
paying attention when something good happens
what is the idea of attachment theory?
attachment helps to regulate emotional distress and achieves security by seeking proximity
when do attachment styles arise?
‘sensitive period’ - first 3 years of life
what are 3 characteristics of secure attachment?
- attachment figure is a source of comfort
- infant welcomes close contact, seeks proximity
- caregiver is responsive and sensitive
what are 2 characteristics of resistant attachment?
- infant has separation anxiety but is ambivalent when they return
- attachment figure inconsistent - moody/unresponsive
what are 2 characteristics of avoidant attachment?
- little separation anxiety + avoiding/ignoring on return
2. caregiver provides over or under stimulation
what are 2 characteristics of disorganised attachment?
- confusion whether to approach or avoid attachment figure
- caregiver is feared or fearful
mix of resistant and avoidant attachment
