FOPR 3 Module 5 Planning

Question 1

Approach to Forest Planning

Answer 1

1. Consider silviculture system, logging method, and transport.
2. Consider Social, political, and economic objectives.
3. demonstrate the sustainability of all resources
4. Assess the impact of each resource as different strategies.
5. Present or recommend on or more mgmt strategies

Question 2

What are the 5 spatial tools used in landscape level planning

Answer 2

1. Size: total area, dash distance, and perimeter to area ratio
2. Shape: vary based on natural or operational boundaries, resource objectives,
3. Adjacency: seperation of harvest blocks. considered adjacent if one side is shared. minimum desired distance between blocks.
4. Reserves and retention: referes to the trees left standing . could be a buffer or internal, or riparian reserve. retention is the leaving of individual trees.
5. Sequence: harvesting schedule

Question 3

What are some dynamics of Time to consider in forest planning

Answer 3

1. Greenup: when a regenerated blcok has reached an objective (visual Greenup)
2. Seral Stage: age or size of the stand

Question 4

How is the Rate of Harvest calculated

Answer 4

sum of all “mean annual increments” and the area of each unit.

Question 5

Adjacency and Greenup (space and time)

Answer 5

consideration of the two creates a dispersal pattern of cutblocks.

greenup must be acheived to harvest adjacent area.

Question 6

Adjacency and Greenup and sequence

Answer 6

resource objectives dictate multiple “passes”. combined with adjacency and Greenup, rotation is increased.

dispersal of blocks due to adjacency and Greenup objectives forces and accelerated road construction program.

Question 7

Adjacency, Greenup, Sequence, and Seral Stage

Answer 7

“no more than 10% of area can be less than 20 years old”

adds additional age class requirement in managment.

Question 8

Visual Sensitivity is affected by

Answer 8

1. topography
2. Size and shape of harvest blocks
3. Type of harvest
4. height and density of trees in the foreground
5. Greenup of harvested areas.

Question 9

Biodiversity managment

Answer 9

Forest managers propose to maintain a range of forest conditions that will provide a suitable niche for every relevant organism.

Considers stand attributes that affect forest.

Question 10

MGMT Corridors

Answer 10

MGMT corridors prevent fragmentation of habitat.

normally of a prescribed seral stage, minimum width, connect areas of critical habitat.

Question 11

issues with creating corridors

Answer 11

many areas have been entirely harvested and the land base is occupied with various stand classes.

Question 12

Replacement corridors

Answer 12

When permeant corridors aren’t the optimal approach. (biodiversity benefits aren’t optimal at certain point or timber value is too high to overlook).

Replacement corridors are an attractive alternative.

Question 13

Types of Replacement corridors

Answer 13

1. Parallels: area is harvested with adjacent corridor. once harvested area meets acceptable seral stage, previous corridor is harvested.
2. Dynamic: same as parallels

Question 14

Watershed Assessments indicate what risks?

Answer 14

1. changes in peak runoff and stream flow.
2. Accelerate surface erosion
3. Landslide activity
4. Stream bank erosion, channel morphology changes, and channel changes.

Question 15

Road Network construction issues

Answer 15

Road construction must be doubled for first pass. economic and environmental impact of the early accelerated construction may be adverse to plans.

Question 16

Types of Windthrow

Answer 16

1. Endemic Windthrow: result of predicatble winds that recur on frequent ba sis.
2. Catastrophic Windthrow: winds are exceptionally strong and less consistent in direction. widespread with stem breakage.

Question 17

Windthrow Mechanics: applied forces

Answer 17

amount of force is affected by the speed of the wind and attirbutes of the tree’s crown (side and density)

Question 18

Windthrow mechanics: resisting forces

Answer 18

benindg of stem and branches and “folding of foliate to present less of sail effect reduc e drage. tree is dependent on strenght of it’s stem and resistance of soil and root mass to uprooting.

Question 19

Windthrown hazard assessment factors

Answer 19

Topographic exposure: postiion of a tree relative to topgraphic features and prevaling winds.

Soil Characteristics: soil conditions will dictate root sytems. shallow soils or high water tables restrict rooting depth.

Stand characteristics: attributes of tree species and stands had different resistance to wind.

Question 20

Determing windthrow hazard

Answer 20

Site hazard: soil and topographic exposure make up site hazard.

Overall hazard: assess the stand characteristic risk and combine with site hazard to create overall hazard.

Question 21

Managing windthrow: planning tactics

Answer 21

• Est harvest boundaries at appropriate soil/stand locations.
• shape and align harvest boundaries considering wind patterns.
• minimize total edge of harvest block.

-prescribe limited percentage partial harvests
plan for salvage.

Question 22

Managing windthrow: layout and harvesting

Answer 22

select and remove most vulnerable stems or stands in the first pass.

• retain a smooth boundary with an even canopy that does not expose individual trees or groups of trees.

Question 23

Managing windthrow: post harvesting

Answer 23

feather windward boundaries of retention areas

• top and or prune high risk trees along boundaries.

Question 24

How does cutblock size effect the planning process

Answer 24

1. Edge Area ratio will increase
2. Dispersing can adversely affect the rate of harvest when combined with greenup and adjacency objectives.
3. smaller blocks require more road to be built upfront, and less in the future.
4. connectivity or fragementation problems