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FOPC > FOPC3 - Inequalities > Flashcards

FOPC3 - Inequalities Flashcards

1
Q

What is sociology?

A

Study of development, structure and functioning of human society

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2
Q

What is medical sociology?

A

People’s interactions with those engaged in medical occupations and their expectations
Ways people make sense of illness
Behaviour and interactions of healthcare professionals in their work settings
Why patients experience ill health differently

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3
Q

Define sociology of medical profession.

A 
Systematic theory
Broader community sanction 
Code of ethics
Professional culture
Authority
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4
Q

What does sociology provide?

A

Health promotion

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5
Q

What is socio-economic classification (2001)?

A

Concerned with relationship with other organisation, peel of authority, autonomy, opportunity to progress
Measures employment relations and conditions of occupations
Measures and good predictor of heath, education and other outcomes

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6
Q

What are socio-economic influences on our health? Give examples.

A

Collective set of conditions in which people are born, grow-up, live and work

Examples: ethnicity, gender, income, health system, education, physical environment/housing, employment, social environment

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7
Q

What gender has higher mortality?

A

Men

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8
Q

What gender has higher morbidity?

A

Women

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9
Q

What ethnicity in Scotland has higher rates of heart disease and T2DM?

A

South Asians

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10
Q

What factors are associated with ethnicity?

A

Social
Cultural
Genetic

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11
Q

In general, describe the health of those with higher education.

A

Healthier (better. understanding, engagement, screening program attendance)

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12
Q

What are benefits of employment?

A

Income and financial security
Status in society
Purpose in life
Social contacts

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13
Q

What are risks of unemployment?

A

Increased mortality
Poorer general health
Poorer mental health
Increased number of consultations, medicines and hospital admissions

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14
Q

What are advantages of active travel?

A

Improve mental health

Prevent chronic disease

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15
Q

Define health inequalities.

A

Differences in health status or distribution of health determinants between different population groups. (WHO)

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16
Q

What are key points from the Health Inequalities Scotland Audit (2012)?

A

Overall health improved in last 50y
People in rural areas live longer
Women lie longer but with more years in poor health
Low birth weight babies twice as high in deprived areas

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17
Q

Discuss disease burden and deprivation.

A

Disease burden in most deprived areas is more than double that of least deprived
‘Health Gradient’

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18
Q

What is the leading cause of disease burden in most deprived areas?

A

Drug use, IHD

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19
Q

What is the leading cause of disease burden in least deprived areas?

A

Low back and neck pain

Sense organ disease

20
Q

Name 5 vulnerable groups.

A 
Homeless
Learning disabilities
Refugees
Prisoners
LGBT
21
Q

What are the most common health risks for homeless people?

A 
Infections e.g HIV, Hep C, TB
Poor oral health 
Assault 
Suicide
Premature death 
Alcohol and drug problems
22
Q

What are barriers in health for people with learning disabilities?

A 
Lack of accessible transport links
Staff with little understanding 
Anxiety or lack of confidence
Not enough involvement of carers
Failure to recognise unwell
23
Q

What are barriers in health for refugees?

A 
Unfamiliar with NHS
Competing demands
Language demands
Urgent and complex conditions
Exposure to violence
24
Q

What are barriers in health for prisoners?

A

Drug use problem
More smokers
Alcohol problems

25
Q

What are barriers in health for LGBT?

A

Higher rates of depression
Self harm
Lack of understanding
‘Homophobic staff’

26
Q

Describe the inverse care law.

A

Those who need medical care are least likely to receive it

Those with least need, use services more

27
Q

What does cold homes increase the risk of?

A

Respiratory problems in children

Mental health problems

28
Q

What reduces health inequalities?

A 
Partnerships across range of sectors
Integration of health and social care 
Evaluate and refine services
Reduce poverty 
Improved employment for all
Improved housing in deprived areas
Government policy and legislation
29
Q

What are roles of the 3rd sector?

A 
Address wider factors underlying health inequalities
Meet local outcome priorities
Can access public money. 
Engage with communities and individuals
Benefits from volunteering
30
Q

Give examples of 3rd sector organisations in the North East.

A 
CLAN 
Penumbra
Somebody Cares
ADA
CAB
31
Q

Define Marxist.

A

Someone who believes in changing and improving society by implementing socialism

32
Q

Define functionalist.

A

Sees society. in terms of function of its constituents elements mainly norms, customs, traditions and institutions

33
Q

Define feminist.

A

Defend equal political economic and social rights and equal opportunities for women

34
Q

What are the characteristics of sociology of professions (1950)?

A 
Systemic theory 
Authority recognised by its clientele
Broader. community sanction
Code of ethics
Professional culture sustained by formal professional sanctions
35
Q

What are fundamental sociology concepts?

A

Social structure
Culture
Community
Ethnicity

36
Q

What is community defined by?

A

Religion, ethnicity, social class, occupation, geography, ‘sense of belonging’

37
Q

Define social capital.

A

What resources individuals bring to their lives, connections and experiences.
Can ‘cushion’ individual at times of social and health need.

38
Q

Define cultural competency.

A

Patients coming to environment designed to put them at ease

39
Q

What is the difference between sex and gender?

A 
Sex = biologically given 
Gender = socially ascribed
40
Q

Define medicalisation.

A

Process where areas of human behaviour come to be defined as a medical problem with pharmaceutical or medical solutions

41
Q

What is the difference between macro and micro level of medical sociology ?

A 
Macro = patterns of disease found in societies and causes 
Micro = ways in which people interpret their symptom, make sense of their illness and interactions with professionals
42
Q

What is the difference between illness and disease?

A 
Illness = what people experience when unwell, how they interpret actions taking 
Disease = more objective, signs detected by doctor and actions suggested
43
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including health systems

44
Q

What is the Black Report (1980)?

A

First study to analyse relationship between social class and health inequalities in the UK

45
Q

What are the 4 explanations for differences between social class and health according to the Black Report?

A
  1. Cultural
  2. Material
  3. Genetic
  4. Artefact
46
Q

According to the WHO what are the main determinants of health?

A 
Social support 
Income/social status
Health services 
Genetics
Gender
Physical environment 
Social environment. 
Education 
Individual characteristics/behaviour
Economic environment
47
Q

What help can be provided by an occupational doctor for returning to work?

A

Advice on fitness to work
Appropriate adjustments in work
Rehabilitation e.g reduced hours, phased return

FOPC (10 decks)

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