Ageing well or not so well

Question 1

In terns of health, what is different in elderly?

Answer 1

Homeostatic reserve
Disease presents in different ways
Normal peak flow rate is affected by age
Drug handling alters
Treatable diseases are frequently describes as "normal ageing"
Lifestyle changes are worthwhile

Question 2

What is ageism?

Answer 2

Process of systematically discriminating against people because they are old.

Question 3

What is the expected proportion of the world’s population over 60 in 2050?

Answer 3

22%

Question 4

From 200-2050, by how much will the number of over 80s increase?

Answer 4

By 4 fold

Question 5

A 63yo who gives up smoking will decrease risk of premature death by how much?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

Describe the population pyramids of more developed regions such as USA, UK, Australia and Japan.

Answer 6

More over 60

Less under 15

Question 7

Describe the cause of the shape of the population pyramid for more developed regions.

Answer 7

Reduced fertility, reduced premature mortality, migration, health education, public health improvement

Question 8

Describe the population pyramid fro less developed countries such as Iraq, Thailand and Jamaica.

Answer 8

Less over 60

Pace of population ageing developing faster

Question 9

Describe the population pyramid fro least developed countries such as Nigeria, Malawi, Sudan, Vietnam.

Answer 9

Reduced total fertility rate
Life expectancy increases but not as much as developed regions
60+ growth rate increasing
Greater infant mortality

Question 10

What country in the UK has had the largest increase in over 65s?

Answer 10

Scotland

Question 11

Describe two main reasons why the proportion of over 55, 65 and 75 had increased.

Answer 11

Baby boomers born after World War II

Older people are increasingly healthy

Question 12

What are health challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 12

More geriatricians needed
More facilities for elderly required
Care of long-term conditions moving to primary care

Question 13

What are social challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 13

Increasing dependence of families/carers
Increasing demand for home carers and nursing home places
Increasing demand for social activities for elderly

Question 14

What are economic challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 14

Retirement/pension age increasing
Finding employment harder for young people
Less people paying into tax and pension finds
State pension may not be adequate enough for those not contributing to private pension –> poverty

Question 15

What are political challenges of an ageing population?

Answer 15

Current decision making and workforce planning must take into account ageing population
Elderly may influence political decisions

Question 16

Discuss life expectancy in males vs females.

Answer 16

Males closing gap

Question 17

What is the latest life expectancy data from Public health England?

Answer 17

79.5 = males
83.1 = females
(different from healthy life expectancy - 63.4 and 64.1 respectively)

Question 18

What gender has a slightly greater no of years in poor health?

Answer 18

Females

Question 19

What 3 main factors result from poor health and ageing which causes pressure on health and social care systems?

Answer 19

1. Higher prevalence of long term conditions
2. Proportionally older population
3. More years poor health

Question 20

How are 3rd sectors driven?

Answer 20

By values and not economic goals

Question 21

Give an example of a third sector which supports the ageing population.

Answer 21

Age Concern

Question 22

What are the benefits of third sector organisations.

Answer 22

Understand needs of service users
Closeness to the people
Ability to deliver outcomes
Innovation 
Performance

Question 23

Describe the responsibilities of carers.

Answer 23

Help deal with care srevices
Help with financial matters
Practical help 
Personal care help
Keep company 
Take person out 
Keep an eye on

Question 24

How many carers are there in the UK?

Answer 24

Around 6.5m

Question 25

How many carers approximately provide over 50 hours of unpaid care/week?

Answer 25

1.4m

Question 26

What percentage of carers are in receipt of disability living allowance as a result of their own disability?

Answer 26

27%

Question 27

What is the impact on the carer?

Answer 27

``` Reduce household income Cut back on essentials e.g heating Financial circumstances affect own health Relationship breakdown Isolation from society ```

Question 28

What is multi-morbidity?

Answer 28

The co-existence of two or more long-term conditions in an individual

Question 29

What are options on discharge?

Answer 29

``` Home with care package Home with family support Sheltered housing Residential home Nursing home ```

Question 30

What is an anticipatory care plan?

Answer 30

Promotes discussion in which individuals, their care providers and often those close to them make decisions with respect to their future health or personal and practical aspects of care

Question 31

How can anticipatory care plans be shared?

Answer 31

Key Information Summary

Question 32

What 3 main things are involved in an anticipatory care plan?

Answer 32

Legal Personal Medical

Question 33

Give an example of medical considerations in an anticipatory care plan.

Answer 33

DNA CPR, Home care package, assessment of capacity, "just-in-case" medicines

Question 34

How is involved in the anticipatory care plan?

Answer 34

Individual Carer/family Care manager Medical professional

Question 35

Give an example of influences of the intra-uterine environment that can have an effect on health in later life.

Answer 35

Low birth weight = increased risk of COPD

Question 36

How do elderly see health?

Answer 36

As "functioning" (instead of fitness)

Question 37

What can ageism affect?

Answer 37

Medical and surgical treatment | How elderly people see themselves

Question 38

What factors contribute to successful ageing?

Answer 38

Personal and socio-cultural factors

Question 39

Adapting well to bereavement is important in old age. What are the 5 stages of grief?

Answer 39

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Question 40

An elderly patient, who normally cares for his wife with memory issues, suffers a stroke, causing moderate power loss on his left side. He was not previously ill or on any medications. Which members of the PHCT might be helpful in this situation?

Answer 40

``` Physio OT Counsellor Care manager Social work Pharmacist ```