FOP 1 General Flashcards
what should we examine in a case of failure of pregnancy?
◼ Examine Mother, Fetus and Placenta
Abortogenic/uterotropic bacterial agents common to all species
- Brucella
- Campylobacter
- Leptospira
- Listeria
- Salmonella
- Chlamydia
- Coxiella
- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
Abortogenic/uterotropic fungal agents common to all species
- Aspergillus fumigatus
Abortogenic/uterotropic protozoal agents common to all species
- Neospora caninum
- Toxoplasma gondii
Abortogenic/uterotropic viral agents common to all species
- alphaherpesviruses
how does fetal mummification occur, ie. what is the process of creating the mummy?
After fetal death, the amniotic and allantoic fluids are resorbed, dehydrating the fetal tissues and annex membranes
when do we usually see infectious causes of embryonic death? what is the cause?
◼ Usually see early embryonic mortality
◼ Specific pathogens
◼ Nonspecific pathogens – post partum or post breeding endometritis
when do we usually see noninfectious causes of embryonic death? what is the cause/what are some causes, generally?
◼ Usually see late embryonic mortality
◼ Chromosomal abnormalities
◼ Genetic anomalies - living cattle have traits that are heterozygous only!
◼ Twinning
◼ Summer heat/seasonal infertility
◼ Suboptimal progesterone (cows, dogs, horses)
◼ Alteration of immune profile.
how often are we not able to diagnose the cause of failure of pregnancy in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs?
Species l no diagnosis (%)
Horses 20
Cattle 60
Sheep 60
Goats 52
Pigs 53
how often are we not able to diagnose the cause of failure of pregnancy in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs?
Species l no diagnosis (%)
Horses 20
Cattle 60
Sheep 60
Goats 52
Pigs 53
if we suspect maternal disease of a flock, what sorts of samples should we take to send to the lab?
◼ serology for infectious agents
> Paired samples
if we suspect maternal disease of an individual, what sorts of samples should we take to send to the lab?
◼ vaginal cytology
◼ vaginal culture
◼ hematology and biochemistry
if examining a fetus for disease, what should we look for? (4 things)
- Has fetal growth and development been normal (how?)
> nutrition
> placental sufficiency
> fetal disease or anomaly - Time of death prior to expulsion
- Fetal distress
- Dystocia - swelling of head
how can we know how long it has been since fetal death?
12, 24-36, 72, 144 hour clues:
◼ 12 hr: cornea cloudy
◼ 24 -36 hr: bloody fluid in cavities
◼ 72 hr: dehydration begins
◼ 144: mummification
what is meconium? what does meconium staining tell us?
-Meconium is intestinal contents of a fetus. It is cell debris and bile and keratin squames
-signals fetal distress
