Footings

Question 1

What problems may be encountered if the excavation ramp is dug under a future driveway at the end of the house?

Answer 1

Cracked concrete concrete, pulling away from the house the driveway tilting

Question 2

How should unstable soil be excavated?

Answer 2

Add a 45° slope or 600 mm

Question 3

How should stable soils be excavated?

Answer 3

600 mm vertical with working room straight

Question 4

Where should excavated material be stored?

Answer 4

1000 mm from the edge of excavation or 1 m back

Question 5

Using the NBC, what is the minimum depth of foundations in clay? Soil’s good drainage containing a heated basement

Answer 5

1.2 m from NBC 9.12.2.2

Question 6

What is the minimum depth of the foundation in well-drained clay soils, containing an unheated crawlspace?

Answer 6

1.2 m not less than the depth of frost penetration

Question 7

Backfill that is within 600 mm of a foundation shall be free of

Answer 7

Deleterious debris and boulders, larger than 250 mm

Question 8

Using the NBC, what is the minimum amount of the foundation must extend above the finished grade

Answer 8

Not less than 150 mm above finished ground level

Question 9

Topsoil and vegetable matter need to be removed under a building

Answer 9

Tru

Question 10

Excavations should be kept free of standing water

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The bottom of excavations should be kept from freezing throughout the construction period

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Dewatering

Answer 12

A series of well points drilled around the perimeter pumps are used to continuously remove the water from that area

Question 13

Excavating machines that could be used to excavate a basement for a house

Answer 13

Crawler loader, skid steer, wheel loader

Question 14

The depth of an excavation for a house, depends on several factors, such as

Answer 14

Surface drainage, elevation of the street, sewer and water

Question 15

There are several types of spread footings

Answer 15

Continuous footings, independent footings, and raft footings

Question 16

Continuous footing

Answer 16

Unbroken footings extended throughout the perimeter of the building

Question 17

Stepped footings

Answer 17

Continuous footing stepped up or down to accommodate different elevations in foundations

Question 18

Pilaster footings

Answer 18

Continuous footings that are widened under areas were extra loads are placed on the footings such as under fireplaces. These are also referred to as offset footings.

Question 19

Bearing wall footings

Answer 19

Regular continuous footings with raised centre portion

Question 20

Independent footings

Answer 20

Support, Tele, post, columns and peers. There are three types of independent footings.

Question 21

Independent footing pad

Answer 21

A square or rectangle or flat footing

Question 22

Independent, battered footings

Answer 22

Have flat tops and bottoms, but tapered sides used to support a load that requires only a small support area and are widened at the bottom to give enough bearing

Question 23

Independent stepped pad footings

Answer 23

Have the centre portion, increased, and thickness to provide extra support for a column

Question 24

Raft footing, or Matt foundations

Answer 24

A solid slab of heavily reinforced concrete covering the entire building location slabs may be from 620 400 mm thick are used to support the building. The raft footing also known as floating slab is often used as the foundation floor of detached building such as garage

Question 25

Tolerance for footing width

Answer 25

15 mm under and no more than 2.5% of footing with over

Question 26

Tolerance for footing off-center

Answer 26

No more than 5% of footing width off

Question 27

Tolerance for footing reduction of thickness

Answer 27

5% under no limit in over thickness

Question 28

Tolerance for footings, elevation

Answer 28

Maybe 3 mm over or under

Question 29

What is the purpose of a spread footing under a foundation wall?

Answer 29

Enlargement or wedding under a foundation wall to distribute the weight of the building over a large area that’s preventing settling

Question 30

And unreinforced footings, the projection of a footing beyond the supported element should not exceed

Answer 30

Thickness of footing in NBC, 9.15.3.8

Question 31

The maximum height of a stepped footing is

Answer 31

600mm

Question 32

Using stepped footings, the minimum length of each steps should be

Answer 32

600mm

Question 33

When using step footings, the thickness of the vertical connection should be

Answer 33

150mm

Question 34

The minimum thickness of footings allowed by the NBC is

Answer 34

Not less than or greater of 100 mm or width of the projection of the footing beyond the supported element

Question 35

The minimum width of footings under an exterior basement wall supporting one floor bungalow is

Answer 35

209 nbc 9.15.3.4

Question 36

The minimum area of a column footing is

Answer 36

.04

Question 37

If the footings rest on gravel, sand, silt, or clay, and there is Highwater table present, the footing with should be

Answer 37

Not less than twice the width initially stated NBC 9.15.3.4.3

Question 38

If a brick veneer is added to the front of the house, what must be done to the footing under the brick?

Answer 38

Wall thickness may have to be increased an adjustment of 65 mm

Question 39

Concrete for unreinforced footings she’ll have a minimum compressive strength of

Answer 39

15 mpa

Question 40

Footings may rest on undisturbed soil, rock, or compacted

Answer 40

Granular fill NBC 9.15.3.2

Question 41

Two methods of anchoring, a foundation wall to a footing are

Answer 41

Rebar dowels, or a keyway

Question 42

What tool is usually used to set footing forms to the proper elevation?

Answer 42

A builders level, a laser or a transit

Question 43

Why may footing forms be lapped at joints instead of putting the material together?

Answer 43

Saves time and materials and a stronger

Question 44

Which footing forms are usually installed first inside or outside and why?

Answer 44

Outside and continuous footing throughout the perimeter of the building

Question 45

One plumbing down from a string line on the batter boards to the bottom of the excavation, when is a straight edge and hand level more suitable than a plumbob

Answer 45

Windy conditions

Question 46

When using a 2 x 6 ( 38X140mm) material for footing forms how Far apart should the 2 x 4 (38 x 89 mm) Steaks be placed

Answer 46

3 feet or 1 m

Question 47

Why should the tops of the steak supporting the forms to be driven down or cut off flush with the tops of the forms?

Answer 47

For placing and screeding concrete or striking off