Foot penetrations and hoof wall Flashcards
What is nail bind?
Nail placed close to sensitive structures
Causes mild lameness
What is shoe prick? What can it develop into?
Nail placed into sensitive structures
Causes immediate, severe lameness
May develop into sub solar abscess
After debriding and flushing affected synovial structures following a foot penetration, what medications and foot care should be given?
NSAIDs
Systemic antibiotics
Bandaging, hospital plate and raised heel
Sub-solar abscesses may be following a penetrative injury or another cause. What is the treatment for sub-solar abscessation?
Drainage Remove shoe nail Pare foot Poultice or tub with MgSO4 2x day Poultice Tetanus prophylaxis Hospital plate if severe - re-shoe once dry/hardened
What is the classic sign of a horse with a sub solar abscessation?
Pointing foot
What can cause chronic hoof abscessation?
Insufficient removal of necrotic tissue
Underlying immunocompromised (PPID)
Keratoma, pedal osteitis or other foot condition
What is quittor? What causes it?
Infection of the collateral cartilages
Trauma/wound
What is the major clinical sign of quittor?
Swelling or discharge from the coronary band
What is the treatment for quittor?
Surgical debridement
Care of DIPJ
What is the skyline view?
Palmaroproximal palmarodistal oblique
Used to see navicular bone
What is a keratoma? What may it be linked to?
Benign tumour of hoof or solar horn
Linked with chronic inflammation, infection
What is the treatment for a keratoma?
Surgical resection under GA
What is canker? What pathogens is it associated with?
Chronic hypertrophy of the germinal layer in frog epithelium
Fusobacterium/Bacterioides
What is the treatment or early/mild cases of canker?
Improve environment
Debride and apply antibiotics +/- systemic Abs
Dilute formalin
Picric acid and benzoyl peroxide (astringents - cause contraction)
What is the treatment for advanced or severe canker cases?
Aggressive surgically debridement
Bandaging, shoeing
What is white line disease?
Progressive crumbling and poor quality of hoof wall
With white line separation
Which risk factors are associated with white line disease?
Warm wet weather
Vitamin/mineral deficiencies
Bacterial infection
What is the treatment and prevention for white line disease?
Remove abnormal horn
Support remaining horn with shoes/acrylic
Prevention: dry environment, diet supplements, topical iodine
Hoof cracks can be complete or incomplete. What direction do hoof cracks usually run?
Proximodistal
What can cause hoof cracks?
Poor foot balance/care
Poor horn quality
Trauma
Bad environment
What is the treatment for incomplete hoof cracks?
Trimming
Shoeing
What is the treatment for complete hoof cracks?
Determine if involves sensitive structures - do not nerve block
Debride all necrotic tissue, stabilise hoof with filler, trim foot and use shoes
Identify and treat underlying causes
Antibiotics - local or systemic