Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopaedics (EQ) > Foal orthopaedics > Flashcards

Foal orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of developmental orthopaedic disorders (DOD) in foals

A

Angular limb deformities
Flexural limb deformities
Physitis
Osteochondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physitis?

A

Inflammation of growth plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of orthopaedic infections foals get

A

Synovial sepsis

Synovial physitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are angular limb deformities (ALD) congenital or acquired?

A

Can be either
Congenital = pregnancy problems, premature, dysmature
Acquired = e.g., nutrition problems, genetics (rapid growth), trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are valgus and varus?

A

Angular limb deformities
Valgus = lateral deviation
Varus = medial deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the possible origins of angular limb deformities (where in anatomy can they occur)?

A

Bone - physio, epiphysis, cuboidal bones, (diaphysis - rare)

Soft tissue laxity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you tell the difference between bone and soft tissue angular limb deformities?

A

If can straighten manually = soft tissue (peri-articular laxity)
If can’t straighten manually = bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are angular limb deformities diagnosed on radiography?

A

Presence of plumb lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is incomplete ossification a problem in equine neonates?

A

High risk of crushing injury to cuboidal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is incomplete ossification diagnosed?

A

Radiography

Radiolucent bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is incomplete ossification of carpal bones treated?

A

Restricted exercise
Bandage with splint (digit not within the splint)
Balanced nutrition
Repeat radiographs every 2 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is peri-articular laxity treated in foals?

A

Controlled exercise to strengthen peri-articular tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the potential causes of acquired angular ligament deformities?

A

Imbalanced nutrition - excess energy (grain, conc), mineral imbalances
Genetics - rapid growth
Trauma to growth cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the treatment options for angular limb deformities?

A

Conservative - limited exercise, bandages, splints, corrective hoof trimming, limit mare/foal nutrition
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What surgery can be used to treat angular limb deformities?

A

Growth acceleration/retardation
Osteotomy
Ostectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hoof balance is one potential treatment for mild angular limb deformities. How often should it be done?

A

Every 2 -3 weeks
Avoid drastic changes (lead to joint problems)
(Can be used for severe cases alongside surgery)

17
Q

What can be done in surgery to stimulate growth in ALD?

A 
Elevate periosteum 
(On concave side)
Do not over correct 
Perform early during rapid growth
Remove implants once straightened
18
Q

How can surgery be used to retard growth in ALD?

A 
Bridge the physis
(On convex side)
For moderate/severe cases
Do not overcorrect 
Remove implants once straightened
19
Q

What is the prognosis for ALD in foals?

A

Good if early treatment, and affecting physis/epiphysis

Fair to poor if diaphysial, crushed cuboidal bones, severe angulation, severe DJD

20
Q

Digital hypertension in neonates is due to tendon laxity. How is it treated?

A

Controlled exercise - e.g. swimming corrects within 1-2 weeks
If severe protect heel bulbs!
Avoid bandages if possible - no splints!

21
Q

Conservative treatment for flexural limb deformities includes…

A

Splints (cast)
Analgesia! Care with GI ulcers and kidneys
Oxytetracycline - relaxes soft tissue
Lower heel with farriery

22
Q

Surgical treatment for flexural limb deformities includes…

A

Desmotomy

may require AL-SDFT and AL-DDFT desmotomy if severe

23
Q

Should splints be used for angular limb deformities?

A

NOT for laxities (exercise only)

Can be used for flexural limb deformities

24
Q

What are the 3 routes for septic arthritis? Which is most common in foals?

A

Haematogenous (most common in foals)
Traumatic
Iatrogenic

25
Q

One of the clinical signs for septic arthritis in foals is the filling of mares udder. Why?

A

Foal can’t drink as reluctant to move

26
Q

A foal has swollen joints and you suspect haematogenous septic arthritis. What part of the body is essential to ultrasound?

A

Umbilicus

Omphalophlebitis

27
Q

How does septic physitis appear on radiography?

A

Irregular/widened physics
Radiolucency
Soft tissue swelling

28
Q

What type of gram bacteria are most common in septic joints of foals?

A

Gram negative

29
Q

How is septic arthritis in foals treated?

A

Treat underlying cause
Lavage synovial structures
Antimicrobial therapy
NSAIDs?

30
Q

The prognosis for septic arthritis is better if….

A

The foal is systemically well
Single joint
Treatment is rapid
No bony involvement

31
Q

What causes bone centred angular limb deformities?

A

Disparity in growth plates across physis

32
Q

What causes joint centred angular limb deformities?

A

Pre-mature horses

Peri-articular laxity

33
Q

What is the consequence of an untreated carpal valgus?

A

Can lead to fetlock varus

Orthopaedics (EQ) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions