Foot orthotics Flashcards
Orthotics
derived from greek work ORTHO meaning straight, upright, or correct
refers to a static or dynamic device an is preferable to splint or brace which refers only to a static device
Thee point pressure principle
forms the mechanical basis for orthotic correction; a single force is placed at the area of deformity or angulation; two additional counter forces act in the opposing direction
functions of orthotic
prevent deformity
assist function of a weak limb
maintain proper alignment of joints
inhibit tone
protect against injury of a weak joint
allow for maximal functional independence
facilitate motion
orthotic consideration
cost
energy efficiency
cosmetics
temporary versus permanent
dynamic versus static
encourage normal movement
orthotic intervention
ensure continued proper fit
donning/doffing orthosis
implement progressive wearing schedule
patient/caregiver teaching: skin inspection and care of orthosis
mobility training with orthosis
foot orthoses (FO)
semi rigid or rigid insert inside a shoe that corrects foot alignment and improves function
may also be used to relieve pain
foot orthotics are custom molded and are often deigned for a specific level of functioning
FO characteristics
may be attached to the inferior of the shoe (an inserted pad) or exterior to the show (thomas heel)
soft inserts (viscoelastic plastic or rubber pads or relief cut outs) reduce areas of high loading, restrict forces, and protect painful or sensitive areas of the feet
metatarsal pad
located posterior to the metatarsal heads; takes pressure off the metatarsal heads and onto the metatarsal shafts; allows more push off in weak or inflexible feet
“neuroma pad”- placed between the metatarsal shafts to relieve nerve pain and is
most commonly placed between the 3rd and 4th met shafts commonly this is used with a wider show to achieve relief
cushion heel
cushions and absorbs forces at heel contact; used to relieve strain on plantar fascia in planter fascitis
heel-spur pad
used to relieve symptoms but the primary issue?
Longitudinal arch supports: UCBL insert
a semi rigid plastic molded insert to correct for flexible pes planus
Longitudinal arch supports: scaphoid pad
used to support the longitudinal arch
Longitudinal arch supports: thomas heel
a wedge with an extended anterior medial border used to support the longitudinal arch and correct for flexible pes valgus (pronated foot)
Rearfoot posting
alters the position of the subtalar joint or rearfoot from heel strike to foot flat.
Must be dynamic, control but not eliminate STL function
Rearfoot posting: varus post (medial wedge)
limits or controls eversion of the calcaneus and internal rotation of the tibia after heelstrike
reduces calcaneal eversion during running
