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Foot Intrinsics Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor Hallucis Proximal?

A
  1. Medial process of Calcaneus

2. Plantar Aponeurosis

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2
Q

Abductor Hallucis Distal?

A

Medial side of proximal phalanx of big toe

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3
Q

Abductor Hallucis Action?

A
  1. Abducts big toe

2. Assists in flexing Hallux

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4
Q

Abductor Hallucis Nerve?

A

Medial Plantar

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5
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Proximal?

A
  1. Anterior aspect of medial process of Calcaneus

2. Plantar Aponeurosis

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6
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Distal?

A

Splits to attach on both sides of the middle phalanx of toes 2-5

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7
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action?

A

Flexes toes 2-5

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8
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Nerve?

A

Medial Plantar

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9
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Proximal?

A
  1. Lateral process of Calcaneus

2. Plantar Aponeurosis

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10
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Distal?

A

Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

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11
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action?

A

Abducts and flexes 5th toe

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12
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

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13
Q

Quadratus Plantae Proximal?

A
  1. Medial Head: Medial Calcaneus

2. Lateral Head: Lateral Calcaneus and long plantar ligament

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14
Q

Quadratus Plantae Distal?

A

Lateral edge of tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus

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15
Q

Quadratus Plantae Action?

A

Aids to flex toes 2-5 by offsetting the oblique pull of the Flexor Digitorum Longus

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16
Q

Quadratus Plantae Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

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17
Q

Lumbricals Proximal?

A

From the tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus (4 Muscles)

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18
Q

Lumbricals Distal?

A

Medial aspect of extensor expansion

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19
Q

Lumbricals Action?

A
  1. Flexes proximal phalanx at MTP joint

2. Extends middle and distal phalanges at IP joints

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20
Q

Lumbricals Nerve?

A

1st- Medial Plantar

2nd-4th- Lateral Plantar

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21
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Proximal?

A

Cuboid and Lateral Cuneiform

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22
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Distal?

A

Proximal phalanx of Hallux

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23
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Action?

A

Flexes big toe

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24
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Nerve?

A

Medial Plantar

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25
Q

Adductor Hallucis Proximal?

A
  1. Oblique Head: Base of 2nd-4th Metatarsals and Long Plantar Ligament
  2. Transverse Head: Transverse Metatarsal Ligament and Plantar ligaments at MTP joint
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26
Q

Adductor Hallucis Distal?

A

Lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of Hallux

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27
Q

Adductor Hallucis Action?

A
  1. Adducts big toe

2. Flexes big toe

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28
Q

Adductor Hallucis Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

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29
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Proximal?

A

Base of 5th Metatarsal

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30
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Distal?

A

Lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th ray

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31
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action?

A

Flexes 5th toe

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32
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

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33
Q

Plantar Interossei Proximal?

A

Medial aspect of 3rd-5th Metatarsals

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34
Q

Plantar Interossei Distal?

A

Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of the same ray (3rd-5th)

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35
Q

Plantar Interossei Action?

A
  1. Adducts toes 3-5

2. Flexes toes 3-5

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36
Q

Plantar Interossei Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

37
Q

Dorsal Interossei Proximal?

A

From both metatarsals between which they lie

38
Q

Dorsal Interossei Distal?

A
  1. Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
  2. Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
  3. Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 3rd toe
  4. Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 4th toe
39
Q

Dorsal Interossei Action?

A
  1. Abducts toes 2-4

2. Flexes toes 2-4

40
Q

Dorsal Interossei Nerve?

A

Lateral Plantar

41
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Proximal?

A

Dorsal surface of Calcaneus

42
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Distal?

A

Proximal phalanx of hallux on dorsum

43
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Action?

A

Extends big toe at MP joint

44
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Nerve?

A

Deep Fibular

45
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Proximal?

A

Dorsal surface of anterolateral calcaneus

46
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Distal?

A

Lateral side of tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus for lateral 4 toes

47
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action?

A

Extends toes at MP and IP joints

48
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Nerve?

A

Deep Fibular

49
Q

What is the talocrural articulation?

A
  • ankle joint

- Tibia, Fibula, and Talus form a hinge joint

50
Q

What part of the Talus articulates with the ankle joint?

A
  • Trochlea

- rounded superior surface of Talus

51
Q

What is the mortise?

A

-distal ends of Tibia, Fibula and Tibiofibular ligament

52
Q

What are the possible movements of the ankle joint?

A
  • dorsiflexion (extension)
  • plantarflexion
  • inversion/eversion
  • adduction/abduction
53
Q

What does the ankle joint capsule attach to?

A

-Tibia, Malleoli, and Talus

54
Q

Where is the ankle joint capsule weakest?

A
  • anterior and posterior (Talus movement)

- medial and lateral collateral ligaments support the sides

55
Q

Important Lateral Collateral ankle Ligaments?

A
  1. Anterior Talofibular Ligament (most commonly sprained, weak)
  2. Posterior Talofibular Ligament (strong)
  3. Calcaneofibular
56
Q

Important Medial Collateral ankle ligaments (Deltoid)?

A
  1. Tibionavicular
  2. Tibiocalcaneal
  3. Anterior Tibiotalar
  4. Posterior Tibiotalar
57
Q

Grades of ankle sprains?

A
  1. Micro tears, not visible
  2. Partial tears
  3. Complete tear through ligament
58
Q

Subtalar joint? Movements?

A
  • part where Talus and Calcaneus articulate

- inversion/eversion (along with talocalcaneal part of talocalcaneonavicular joint)

59
Q

Transverse Tarsal joint? Movements?

A
  • Talonavicular part of Talocalcaneonavicular joint
  • Calcaneocuboid joint
  • midfoot and forefoot rotate on the hind foot around a longitudinal axis, medial and lateral rotation
60
Q

Important Ligaments of the foot? Functions?

A
  1. Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) ligament
  2. Long Plantar Ligament
  3. Plantar Calcaneocuboid Ligament (Short Plantar)

-they all support the arch of the foot

61
Q

Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) ligament functions?

A
  • support head of Talus
  • transfers weight from Talus
  • supports arch
62
Q

Long Plantar Ligament attachments?

A

-Calcaneus to Cuboid, some fibers to Metatarsals

63
Q

Function of the arch of the foot?

A
  • distribute force/shock absorption
  • springboard
  • adapt to surface contours
  • medial arch is higher
64
Q

Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

A
  1. Medial (higher)
    - Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, three Cuneiforms, three Metatarsals
    - supported by Tibialis Anterior and Posterior, and Fibularis Longus Tendon
  2. Lateral
    - Calcaneus, Cuneiform and lateral two Metatarsals
65
Q

Transverse arch of the foot?

A
  • Cuboid, Cuneiform and base of Metatarsals

- supported by Fibularis Longus and Tibialis Posterior Tendons

66
Q

What are passive supports for the arch of the foot?

A
  • Plantar aponeurosis
  • Long Plantar ligament
  • Short Plantar ligament
  • Spring Ligament
67
Q

What are dynamic supports for the arch of the foot?

A
  • Intrinsic muscles of foot
  • Longitudinal- Flexor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons
  • Transverse- Fibularis Longus and Tibialis Posterior Tendons
68
Q

Where does the Lateral Plantar Artery and Nerve run?

A
  1. Between 1st and 2nd layers (superficial): superficial branch of Lateral Plantar Nerve
  2. Between 3rd and 4th layers (deep): deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
69
Q

Where does the Medial Plantar nerve run?

A

Between Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis

70
Q

What does the Saphenous nerve innervate in the foot?

A

ankle and medial foot cutaneous sensation

71
Q

What does the Medial Plantar nerve innervate in terms of cutaneous sensation in the foot?

A

skin of medial 3.5 digits and dorsum of distal phalanges

72
Q

What does the Lateral Plantar nerve innervate in terms of cutaneous sensation in the foot?

A

skin of lateral 1.5 digits

73
Q

Cutaneous sensation of Superficial Fibular Nerve?

A

distal anterior lateral leg and dorsum of foot except web space between 1st and 2nd toes

74
Q

Cutaneous sensation of Deep Fibular Nerve?

A

web between 1st and 2nd toes

75
Q

Cutaneous sensation of Sural Nerve?

A

ankle and skin of lateral margin of foot

76
Q

Motor innervation of Medial Plantar Nerve?

A
  1. Abductor Hallucis
  2. Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  3. Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  4. Medial one Lumbrical
77
Q

Dorsal arteries of the foot?

A

Anterior Tibial Artery turns into Dorsalis Pedis, which then branches into Deep Plantar and Arcuate Arteries

-Deep Plantar Artery joins with Lateral Plantar to form Deep Plantar Arch

78
Q

Plantar arteries of the foot?

A

Posterior Tibial Artery turns into Medial and Lateral Plantar arteries

  • Medial: Goes to first toe, superficial arch occasionally formed by anastomosis with Lateral Plantar or Deep Plantar Arch
  • Lateral: forms Deep Plantar Arch, supplies blood to distal toes
79
Q

Dorsal Venous arch of foot?

A
  1. Medial Marginal Vein drains into Great Saphenous Vein

2. Lateral Marginal Vein drains into Small Saphenous Vein

80
Q

Groove for Flexor Hallucis Longus?

A

goes under Medial malleolus and runs through sutentaculum tali

81
Q

Groove for Fibularis Longus?

A

goes around lateral malleolus and runs through groove on base of Cuboid

82
Q

Movement that causes an Anterior Talofibular ligament sprain?

A

plantar flexion and inversion

83
Q

Why must foot surgery be performed on top of foot?

A
  • fascia on bottom is cushion for walking
  • if cut, scar tissue forms on bottom of foot
  • may not heal properly and lead to discomfort when walking
84
Q

Reference point for abduction and adduction in foot?

85
Q

Tibial nerve splits into what?

A

Medial and Lateral plantar nerves

86
Q

1st layer of foot?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
87
Q

2nd layer of foot?

A
  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Lumbricals
  • Tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus
88
Q

3rd layer of foot?

A
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
89
Q

4th layer of foot?

A
  • plantar interossei

- dorsal interossei

Anatomy (12 decks)

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