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Anatomy > Final 1 > Flashcards

Final 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

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2
Q

Peripheral nerves are branches from the _____ and ______ rami.

A

Ventral

Dorsal

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3
Q

What conducts signals between spinal cord and the sympathetic ganglia?

A

Communicants

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4
Q

Cervical Plexus #?

A

C1-C4

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5
Q

Brachial Plexus #?

A

C5-T1

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6
Q

Lumbar Plexus #?

A

T12-L4

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7
Q

Sacral Plexus #?

A

L4-S2

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8
Q

What does the Cervical Plexus innervate?

A
  • Muscle and skin of the neck and upper shoulder

- partial innervation of diaphragm (C3-C5)

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9
Q

What does the Lumbar Plexus innervate?

A

Lower abdomen and anterior and medial portions of the lower extremity

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10
Q

Largest and longest femoral cutaneous branch?

A

Saphenous Nerve

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11
Q

Result of Ulnar Nerve damage?

A

Claw Hand

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12
Q

Result of Radial Nerve damage?

A

Wrist drop

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13
Q

Result of Median Nerve damage?

A

Ape Hand

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14
Q

Difference between Dermatomes and Peripheral Nerves?

A

Dermatomes have a single nerve root while Peripheral Nerves are made of multiple nerves roots and usually innervate a certain area of the body

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15
Q

Two branches of Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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16
Q

Another name for Sympathetic system?

A

-Thoracolumbar Division

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17
Q

Sympathetic is located where?

A

Lateral horns of gray matter of spinal cord from T1-L2

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18
Q

What does the sympathetic system do?

A

Prepares for strenuous activity (fight of flight)

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19
Q

Another name for parasympathetic system?

A

Craniosacral Division

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20
Q

Parasympathetic is located where?

A
  • Nuclei of Cranial Nerves 3, 7, 9, 10

- In gray matter of lateral horns of 2nd-4th Sacral

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21
Q

Vagus Nerve carries ___% of parasympathetic fibers.

A

75

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22
Q

Dorsal Afferent?

A

Sensory

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23
Q

Ventral Efferent?

A

Motor

24
Q

Small Ships Make Money But My Brother Says Big Boats Make More

A

Sensory vs Motor or both

25
Q

Cranial Nerves

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

A 
Olfactory 1
Optic 2
Oculomotor 3
Trochlear 4
Trigeminal 5
Abducens 6
Facial 7
Auditory 8
Glossopharyngeal 9
Vagus 10
Accessory 11
Hypoglossal 12
26
Q

Agonist?

A

The worker muscle, the muscle that causes the desired action

27
Q

Antagonist?

A

A muscle that can cause movement opposite to the agonist

28
Q

True Antagonist?

A

has exactly the opposite action or actions of the agonist

29
Q

Stabilizer?

A

A muscle that fixes or holds a bone so the agonist can do the intended movement, eliminates undesirable movement (static or dynamic)

30
Q

Static example?

A

rectus abdominins while doing leg raises

31
Q

Dynamic example?

A

serratus anterior while doing shoulder horizontal abduction

32
Q

Synergist?

A

a muscle that has at least one antagonistic action to the agonist and contracts to eliminate undesirable movement , thus enabling the agonist to be more efficient. (true synergy)

33
Q

Example of synergist?

A

wrist and finger flexors and wrist extensors

34
Q

Neutralizer?

A

a muscle that has a common and an antagonistic action with the agonist. The antagonistic actions cancel each other out and the common action results

35
Q

Example of neutralizer?

A

Deltoid- anterior and posterior

Hamstrings- biceps and semitendinosus and semimemranosus

36
Q

Co-contraction?

A

the simultaneous contraction of antagonistic muscles

37
Q

Co-contraction seems to be the ______ rather than the _____.

A

rule

exception

38
Q

A lever system consists of:

A
  1. axis of rotation around which a rigid lever moves

2. motive torques and resistive torques

39
Q

Motive Torques?

A

act to move (rotate) the lever

40
Q

Resistive Torques?

A

act to resist the rotation of the lever

41
Q

Torque?

A

a turning or rotary force, the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation

42
Q

First Class Lever?

A

the fulcrum or axis of rotation is between the motive and resistive torques

43
Q

First class levers are ______ in musculoskeletal system.

A

unusual

44
Q

Example of first class lever?

A

Elbow extension

45
Q

Second Class Lever?

A

the resistive torque is between the fulcrum and the motive force

46
Q

Examples of 2nd class levers?

A

wheelbarrow

47
Q

2nd class levers are unusual (________) in the musculoskeletal system where the muscles are the ______ force.

A

concentrically

motive

48
Q

3rd Class Lever?

A

the motive torque is between the fulcrum and the resistive torque

49
Q

3rd class lever example?

A

shoveling

50
Q

Most levers in the body are ____ class.

A

3rd

51
Q

Kinesiology?

A

human kinetics, the scientific study of human movement

52
Q

Open Chain?

A

distal segment free to move

53
Q

Close chain?

A

proximal segment does the movement

54
Q

Roll Rule?

A

roll is always in the same direction of bone movement

55
Q

Convex Rule?

A

Roll and glide occur in opposites directions

56
Q

Concave Rule?

A

Roll and glide occur in the same direction

Anatomy (12 decks)

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