Final 1 Flashcards
Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons located?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Peripheral nerves are branches from the _____ and ______ rami.
Ventral
Dorsal
What conducts signals between spinal cord and the sympathetic ganglia?
Communicants
Cervical Plexus #?
C1-C4
Brachial Plexus #?
C5-T1
Lumbar Plexus #?
T12-L4
Sacral Plexus #?
L4-S2
What does the Cervical Plexus innervate?
- Muscle and skin of the neck and upper shoulder
- partial innervation of diaphragm (C3-C5)
What does the Lumbar Plexus innervate?
Lower abdomen and anterior and medial portions of the lower extremity
Largest and longest femoral cutaneous branch?
Saphenous Nerve
Result of Ulnar Nerve damage?
Claw Hand
Result of Radial Nerve damage?
Wrist drop
Result of Median Nerve damage?
Ape Hand
Difference between Dermatomes and Peripheral Nerves?
Dermatomes have a single nerve root while Peripheral Nerves are made of multiple nerves roots and usually innervate a certain area of the body
Two branches of Autonomic Nervous System?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Another name for Sympathetic system?
-Thoracolumbar Division
Sympathetic is located where?
Lateral horns of gray matter of spinal cord from T1-L2
What does the sympathetic system do?
Prepares for strenuous activity (fight of flight)
Another name for parasympathetic system?
Craniosacral Division
Parasympathetic is located where?
- Nuclei of Cranial Nerves 3, 7, 9, 10
- In gray matter of lateral horns of 2nd-4th Sacral
Vagus Nerve carries ___% of parasympathetic fibers.
75
Dorsal Afferent?
Sensory
Ventral Efferent?
Motor
Small Ships Make Money But My Brother Says Big Boats Make More
Sensory vs Motor or both
Cranial Nerves
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Olfactory 1 Optic 2 Oculomotor 3 Trochlear 4 Trigeminal 5 Abducens 6 Facial 7 Auditory 8 Glossopharyngeal 9 Vagus 10 Accessory 11 Hypoglossal 12
Agonist?
The worker muscle, the muscle that causes the desired action
Antagonist?
A muscle that can cause movement opposite to the agonist
True Antagonist?
has exactly the opposite action or actions of the agonist
Stabilizer?
A muscle that fixes or holds a bone so the agonist can do the intended movement, eliminates undesirable movement (static or dynamic)
Static example?
rectus abdominins while doing leg raises
Dynamic example?
serratus anterior while doing shoulder horizontal abduction
Synergist?
a muscle that has at least one antagonistic action to the agonist and contracts to eliminate undesirable movement , thus enabling the agonist to be more efficient. (true synergy)
Example of synergist?
wrist and finger flexors and wrist extensors
Neutralizer?
a muscle that has a common and an antagonistic action with the agonist. The antagonistic actions cancel each other out and the common action results
Example of neutralizer?
Deltoid- anterior and posterior
Hamstrings- biceps and semitendinosus and semimemranosus
Co-contraction?
the simultaneous contraction of antagonistic muscles
Co-contraction seems to be the ______ rather than the _____.
rule
exception
A lever system consists of:
- axis of rotation around which a rigid lever moves
2. motive torques and resistive torques
Motive Torques?
act to move (rotate) the lever
Resistive Torques?
act to resist the rotation of the lever
Torque?
a turning or rotary force, the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis of rotation
First Class Lever?
the fulcrum or axis of rotation is between the motive and resistive torques
First class levers are ______ in musculoskeletal system.
unusual
Example of first class lever?
Elbow extension
Second Class Lever?
the resistive torque is between the fulcrum and the motive force
Examples of 2nd class levers?
wheelbarrow
2nd class levers are unusual (________) in the musculoskeletal system where the muscles are the ______ force.
concentrically
motive
3rd Class Lever?
the motive torque is between the fulcrum and the resistive torque
3rd class lever example?
shoveling
Most levers in the body are ____ class.
3rd
Kinesiology?
human kinetics, the scientific study of human movement
Open Chain?
distal segment free to move
Close chain?
proximal segment does the movement
Roll Rule?
roll is always in the same direction of bone movement
Convex Rule?
Roll and glide occur in opposites directions
Concave Rule?
Roll and glide occur in the same direction
