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3. Conditions: MSK > Foot Deformities > Flashcards

Foot Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common cause of achilles tendonopathy?

A

Seronegative arthritis’

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of seronegative arthritis that may cause achilles tendinopathy?

A

Ankylosing

Psoriatic

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3
Q

What metabolic state may cause achilles tendinopathy?

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

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4
Q

How does hypercholesterolaemia lead to achilles tendonipathy?

A

Xanthomata

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5
Q

What drug may cause hypercholesterolaemia?

A

Fluoroquinolone

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6
Q

What test may be done for suspected achilles tendinopathy?

A

Simmonds test

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7
Q

What is simmonds test?

A

No plantar flexion occurs when the foot hangs of the end of the bed

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8
Q

What is simmonds triad and what is it used to detect?

A
  1. No response to calf squeeze test
  2. Ankle dorsiflexed when hanging off bed
  3. Gap in the achilles tendon

Used to detect achilles tendon rupture

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9
Q

What imaging can be used if suspected rupture?

A

USS

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10
Q

What is the treatment of achilles tendon rupture?

A

Restriction

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11
Q

What is hallux valgus?

A

Big toe deviated laterally

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12
Q

What are the causes of hallux valgus?

A

Genetic

Footwear

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13
Q

Who is most at risk of hallux valgus?

A

Women

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of hallux valgus?

A

Pressure symptoms
Pain
Bunions
Metatarsalgia

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15
Q

What is metatarsalgia?

A

Pain across the forefoot (metatarsal heads)

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16
Q

What causes toe pain in hallux valgus?

A

Crossed over toes

17
Q

What investigation should be done for suspected hallux valgus?

A

X ray

18
Q

What might be shown on x ray of hallux valgus?

A

Callus formation

Angle of toe bones

19
Q

What is the conservative treatment of hallux valgus?

A

Shoe modification

Activity modification

20
Q

What shoe modification exists?

A

Insoles

Change shoes entirely

21
Q

What is the pharma treatment?

A

Analgesia/NSAIDs

22
Q

What surgical treatment exists?

A

Lateral tissue relief that cause the deformity

Osteotomy

23
Q

What is a complication of hallux valgus?

A

Hallux rigiditis

24
Q

What is hallux rigiditis?

A

OA of the 1st MTP joint leading to hallux limitus

25
Q

What does hallux limitus mean?

A

Hallux non extensus

26
Q

What are the x ray findings of hallux rigitidis?

A

Same as OA

27
Q

What is the management of hallux rigiditis?

A

Shoe modification

Analgesia

28
Q

What surgery is there for hallux rigiditis?

A

Cheilectomy
Arthrodesis
Arthroplasty

29
Q

What is arthroplasty?

A

Excision of the proximal phalange

30
Q

What is cheilectomy?

A

Removal of osteophyte

31
Q

What is charcot’s arthropathy?

A

Progressive disease of weight bearing joints

32
Q

What happens to the bone in charcot’s arthropathy?

A

Destruction of bone + soft tissue leading to dislocation and fractures

33
Q

What is club foot caused by?

A

Breech presentation

Genetic

34
Q

What is the joint position in club foot?

A

Inversion of sub talar
Adduction of talonavicular
Equinus of the ankle joint

35
Q

What is equinus of the ankle joint?

A

Plantar flexion

3. Conditions: MSK (23 decks)

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