Foot/Ankle practical

Question 1

Talocrural dorsiflexion/plantar flexion normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 1

DF: 20 firm
PF: 50 firm or hard
DF subs: knee extension, toe extension
PF subs: knee flexion, toe flexion

Question 2

Subtalar inversion/eversion normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 2

In: 5- firm
Ev: 5- firm or hard
In subs: hip internal rotation
Ev subs: hip external rotation

Question 3

Foot supination/pronation normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 3

Sup: 30 - firm
Pro: 20 - firm
Sup subs: hip/tibial internal rotation, hip flexion, hip abduction
Pro subs: hip/tibial external rotation, knee extension, hip adduction

Question 4

1st MTP flexion/extension normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 4

Flex: 45 - firm
Ext: 70 - firm
Flex subs: ankle plantarflex
Ext subs: ankle dorsiflex

Question 5

1st MTP abduction/adduction normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 5

Ab: firm
Add: firm
no subs

Question 6

MTP flexion/extension normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 6

Flex: 40 - firm
Ext 40 - firm
Flex subs: ankle PF
Ext subs: ankle DF

Question 7

IP flexion/extension normal ranges and substitutions

Answer 7

Flex: 90 soft or firm
Ext: 0 firm
Flex subs: ankle PF
Ext subs: ankle DF

Question 8

Tibialis anterior action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 8

Action: ankle DF and inversion
Accessory muscles: EDL, EDH, tibialis posterior
Substitutions: toe extension

Question 9

Gastrocnemius and soleus action, accessory muscles, and substitutions

Answer 9

Action: ankle PF
Accessory muscles: plantaris, tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL
Substitutions: to flexion, inversion
can be measures with SL calf raises

Question 10

Soleus (isolated) action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 10

Action: ankle PF
Accessory muscles: plantaris, tibialis posterior, FDL, FHL
Substitutions: toe flexion, inversion
can be assessed WB knee flexed

Question 11

Tibialis posterior action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 11

Action: foot supination (ankle inversion)
Accessory muscles: gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, FDL, FHL
Substitutions: toe flexion, ankle DF

Question 12

Peroneus longus and brevis action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 12

Action: foot pronation (ankle eversion)
Accessory muscles: peroneus tertius, EDL
Substitutions: toe extension, DF

Question 13

Flexor hallicus brevis and lumbercals action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 13

Action: MTP flexion
Accessory mucsles: FHL, FDL, FDB, AbH, AbDM, interossei
Substitutions: flexion of distal joints, abduction/adduction of toes

Question 14

Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 14

Action: IP, DIP, PIP flexion
Accessory muscles: none
Substitutions: none

Question 15

Abductor hallicus action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 15

Action: 1st MTP abduction
Accessory muscles: none
Substitutions: none

Question 16

Extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis action, accessory muscles, substitutions

Answer 16

Action: IP, DIP, PIP extension
Accessory muscles: none
Substitutions: none