Foot & Ankle Flashcards
ROMs
BOTH WITH AND WITHOUT WEIGHT BEARING Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Inversion Eversion Toe flexion/extension
NON-WEIGHT BEARING ONLY:
Abduction
Adduction
Medial bony palpation
Great toe 1st metatarsal Medial cuneiform Navicular& navicular tubercle Talar head Medial Calcaneus Medial malleolus Talar shelf Distal Fibula
Lateral bony palpation
5th Toe 5th metatarsal Styloid process Cuboid Calcaneus Peroneal tubercle Lateral malleolus Sinus tarsi Distal Fibula
Plantar surface bony palpation
Calcaneus
Medial tubercle of calcaneus
Sesamoid bones
Metatarsals 4-2 & heads & phalange
Dorsal surface bony palpation
Phalanges, metatarsals Cuboid Cuneiforms: medial, intermediate, lateral Navicular Talar head
Medial soft tissue palpation
1st metatarsal bursa Spring ligament Deltoid ligament Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery and nerve Flexor hallicus longus
Anterior/Dorsal soft tissue palpation
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Peroneus tertius Dorsalis pedis artery
Lateral soft tissue palpation
Lateral ligaments
- Anteriortalofibular
- Calcaneofibular
- Posteriortalofibular
- Anterior-inferior tibiofibular
- Posterior-inferior tibiofibular
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
5th metatarsal bursa
Plantar soft tissue palpation
Achilles (gastrocnemius & soleus)
Calcaneal bursa
Plantar fasci
Ottawa ankle palpation
Send for foot/ankle scans if pain on:
Medial malleolus - posterior and inferior
Lateral malleolus - posterior and inferior
Base/styloid process of the 5th metatarsal
Navicular
AND:
Inability to bear weight
Joint Play
Talocrual joint traction AP/PAshear of the talus Subtalar Spring AP spring/glide of the tarsal bones Shear of the metatarsals Traction of the toe interphalangeal joints and MTPs Medial/lateral gapping of MTPs and IPs
Orthopaedic tests
Tendon pathology tests – Thompson test for achilles rupture
Collateral ligament integrity tests – Anterior draw test for ATFL
Ankle syndesmosis injury –Squeeze test
Exercises
Strength:
Calf Raise – Straight Leg (Gastrocnemius Bias)
Calf Raise – Bent Leg (Soleus Bias)
Banded Ankle Inversion/Eversion
Mobility:
Standing Calf Stretch (Straight/Flexed Leg)
Bursae
1st Metatarsal bursa
5th Metatarsal bursa
Calcaneal bursa
