Foot and Mouth Virus Flashcards
1
Q
What type of viral pathogen is foot and mouth disease?
A
- positive strand ssRNA (non-enveloped)
2
Q
What are the clinical signs?
A
- acute disease
- fever
-vesicles (blisters on feet, mouth, teats and muzzle)
-abortion
-death in young animals - recover 2 weeks post infection unless secondary infection arises
3
Q
How do humas help disease transfer?
A
contaminated boots, clothing and vehicals
4
Q
How do humans get infected?
A
- unprocessed dairy products
5
Q
How does foot and mouth replicate?
A
- attachment to clarthin coated pit
-endocytosis
-uncoating
-viral RNA acts as Mrna - protein synthesis
-Replication of RNA
-Assembly of nucleocapsids - release by cytolysis (death of cell)
6
Q
How is foot and mouth detected?
A
ELIZA
7
Q
How does the foot and mouth antibody mediated immunity work?
A
- activate B cells which recognise FMV epitopes
-antibodies against viral surface proteins - induces memory T cells against viral antigens
-CD4+ T cells and/or CD8+ T cells
8
Q
What are the issues with the vaccine?
A
- production is difficult
- short shelf life
- lack of sterine immunity
- differentation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA priciple)
9
Q
How does mutation aid immune escape?
A
-ssRNA virus = high replication and high mutation
10
Q
How does the disease interfere with anti-viral responses?
A
- nf-KB degeneration
-chemokine production
translation type of type 1 interferons
11
Q
Other types of immune invasion?
A
- infected cells loose MHC class 1 expression
- minimal CD8+ T cells in infected animals
