Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Supination of the foot in the open kinetic chain results as a combination of…
plantar flexion, adduction and inversion
Identify the related lower-leg motions that are associated with closed kinetic chain pronation.
In the closed chain, pronation is associated with medial tibial rotation, knee flexion, hip flexion and hip medial rotation.
Dorsiflexion-plantar flexion motion occurs at which joint(s)?
Talocrural joint?
T/F: In plantar flexion, the fibula moves inferiorly and rotates medially.
TRUE
The ratio of rearfoot motion in the normal foot is (% inversion/eversion)
2/3 inversion and 1/3 eversion
Describe two problems associated with pes cavus
This is a rigid foot with limited stress-absorption abilities, to it is susceptible to stress fractures. It also does not pronate when it should, further reducing stress-absorption capabilities so forces are transmitted up the leg. It can lead to fallen arches, hammertoes, or claw toes; corns; stress fractures; and other overuse injuries.
T/F: Hallux valgus is commonly associated with flat feet.
TRUE
T/F: The more rigid the foot orthotic, the less room there is for error in construction.
TRUE
If the heel counter and medial heel are collapsed to the medial side, the patient does which of the following: excessively supinates, excessively pronates, does not spend any time on the calcaneus, does not spend any time on the forefoot, none of the above.
Excessively pronates
Identify 3 characteristics of a good volleyball shoe.
No elevation in the heel, durable outsole, good medial-lateral stability, and sufficient traction. Lightweight and flexible. May also contain medial -lateral straps, a gum-rubber sole, and medial toe leather guard.
T/F: The way a shoe is laced has little impact on the support the shoe can provide.
FALSE
a normal capsular pattern indicating reduced capsular mobility in the ankle is …
more loss of motion in plantar flexion than dorsiflexion and more limited inverion than eversion.
T/F: To gain range of motion in dorsiflexion, a posterior or AP mobiliation technique of the talus on the tibia is indicated.
TRUE
The resting position for the talocrural joint is (degree & direction)
10 degree plantar flexion
T/F: A sprain of the tibiofibular ligament can be a more difficult injury to deal with than a sprain of the same degree to the anterior talofibular ligament.
TRUE
T/F: A compaint of a snapping tendon along the lateral ankle during walking is common in patients with peroneal tendon dislocations.
TRUE
T/F: Exacerbation of Achilles tendon pain should be expected with strenthening exercises.
FALSE
T/F: Retrocalcaneal bursitis can often be mistaken for Achilles tendinitis.
TRUE
T/F: Patients with either high arches or excessive pronation can experience plantar fasciitis.
TRUE
The function of pronation during gait is to do which of the following: provide a rigid lever for propulsion; provide a mobile adapter for uneven surfaces; provide stress dissipation; a and b; b and c; all of the above.
B and C
Which of the following are compensations for forefoot varus: pronation; supination; rearfoot eversion; rearfoot inversion; a and c, b and d.
A and C
T/F: Pronation is multiplanar motion involving dorsiflexion, adduction and inversion.
FALSE
The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation of what two bones?
Talus and Calcaneus
What motions occur at the subtalar joint?
Inversion and eversion
Describe what Feiss’ line is and its significance
It is a line drawn from the timp of the medial malleolus to the first metatarsal head. This line should cross over the navicular tubercle in a non-weight-bearing position. In weight bearing, the navicular tubercle should be at the line or slightly below.
How is subtalar neutral position determined?
Subtalar neutral is present when the talus is equally palpable from its medial and lateral aspect within the subtalar joint. Alignment of the subtalar bones is optimal.
Which of the following are problems commonly associated with pes cavus? Hermmertoes; stress fractures; corns; all of the above; a and c only.
All of the above
List 3 types of orthotics and give an example of the use of each.
Rigid: exact fit for control; Semi-rigid: athletic activities; Soft: Accomodative for rigid feet
What component of the shoe provides rearfoot stability?
Heel counter
Which of the following components should be recommended for an athlete with pes planus? Curve last; straight last; firm heel counter; a and c; b and c
A and C
Describe the importance of a sprain of the tibiofibular ligament.
Allows the mortise to spread apart, which causes continued stress and inflammatory process to this region.
What is the effect of tightness in the Achilles tendon?
Increase pronation during stance phase
What is the source of medial tibial stress syndrome pain?
Stress reaction and inflammation of the periosteal and musculotendinous fascial junction along wht middle to distal third of the leg.
